all studies of flow–controlled ventilation will use 'postoperative pulmonary complications' as the primary endpoint; a new composite definition of 'postoperative pulmonary complications' is currently being developed and will be applied in these trials
'Postoperative pulmonary complications – Evaluation for Consensus on StandardIzed Outcomes' (PrECiSIOn), is a Delphi project designed to identify current insights into how postoperative pulmonary complications should be defined and graded
the Delphi is registered at clinicaltrials (NCT06916598); the study protocol was published in British Medical Journal Open (2025; 15:e103888)
the Delphi process has been finished recently and the manuscript has been submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.