Introduction to reading comprehension
Watch the video:
Embedded Files
Now, Finish the following main idea about the video:
Before we delve in to the following article, I am going to want you to:
Think Before Reading:
Take a moment to "Think before reading." This involves considering the author's purpose, what you already know, and what you'd like to learn from the text. The title, "4 CHARGED IN DALI FRAUD," hints at a legal issue related to art. What do you think the author is trying to convey, and what do you know already, or questions do you have already, about the topic?
While Reading Think About:
Focus on maintaining a suitable reading speed as we start reading. Try to link information you encounter with that which you already know. If there are parts that seem unclear, I want you to write them down below and we will reread them for better understanding. Try to keep an eye out for names, locations, and the timeline of events, as these details are the important parts of a news story. Think about the roles of the individuals involved and how the fraudulent scheme unfolded.
(After Reading Think About...below article)
In the text box below, I want you to write down below any vocabulary you think might need clarification.
By Marianne Yen, The Washington Post
October 4, 1988
NEW YORK, OCT. 3 -- It was an offer too good to be true.
You have been targeted by Barclay Gallery, a Madison Avenue establishment as one of a select group of buyers nationwide for an exclusive offering of limited-edition lithographs by Spanish surrealist Salvador Dali. Individually signed and accompanied by a certificate of authenticity, the lithographs are priced from $1,300 to $6,000. Act now while supplies last.
Pictures of Madison Avenue in New York
Pictures of Madison Avenue in New York
That kind of sales pitch should have tipped off buyers that the offer was bogus, prosecutors said today. In an indictment by a federal grand jury in Manhattan, U.S. Attorney Rudolph W. Giuliani charged four people with masterminding a fraud that netted them more than $3 million in the course of two years.
Four are charged with selling poster reproductions of Dali lithographs that were actually worth no more than $50 to $200. They sold the artwork by phone and mail to 1,000 unsuspecting buyers, according to the indictment. Dali was said to have been unaware of the scheme.
Despite its prestigious Upper East Side address, Barclay Gallery was in fact a "boiler room operation" employing 50 to 60 "high-pressure telephone sales" specialists, Giuliani said. The salespeople, who were paid on commission, "induced purchases by reluctant customers" by stressing the investment value of the works and by "creating a false sense of urgency" that few copies remained available, the indictment said.
The defendants could not be reached for comment.
The salespeople, referring to themselves as "senior art consultants" and "art directors," sold the fakes between March 1983 and April 1985, the indictment said. The posters that were touted as originals included "Cosmic Arena," "Cosmic Passage," "Cosmic Warrior," "The Madonna of Port Lligat" and "A Mad Tea Party."
Sales literature from the Barclay Gallery said some of the lithographs were hand-colored by Dali, when they were actually the work of one Lucy Taylor, a little-known artist "hired to color in the pieces," according to Henry Pittman, the assistant U.S. attorney in charge of the case.
Albert Wehner, whom the gallery presented as its "curator," was hired only to frame the prints, the indictment alleged.
The majority of victims were doctors and dentists, Pittman said. The investigation began when numerous complaints were filed by buyers who realized they had been swindled after the phony lithographs were appraised for insurance purposes, he said.
Richard Walker, editor of The Artnewsletter, a biweekly report on the international art market, said cases of print fraud have been uncovered in California, Hawaii, Wisconsin and Florida.
Atleta cósmico (Cosmic Athlete) by Salvador Dalí
"They target doctors and dentists and generally naive people with money who are not knowledgeable about art," Walker said. "They're people who either fall for the purported investment value of the artwork or are just looking for something to decorate the walls with."
Art experts estimate that the worldwide take from sales of fraudulent lithographs has reached $1 billion a year, according to Pittman.
Last year, a Manhattan couple who owned Convertine Galleries Inc., another Madison Avenue establishment, were convicted in state court here of selling fraudulent Dali lithographs. Martin Fleischman and his wife Carol Convertine, who made $500,000 in two years, were both given three years' probation and fined $17,500.
The four charged today face a maximum penalty of five years in prison for each count of fraud, along with fines that could total millions of dollars.
After Reading Think About:
Now that we've gone through the text, let's reflect on the main idea
What was the central theme of the article? Write it down in the text box.
Summarize the key information, considering the legal consequences faced by the accused individuals, the impact on victims, and the overall magnitude of art fraud.
Share your thoughts on what you've learned from this text below, and if you have any questions or uncertainties so we can address them together before we get too far into the lesson.
Click on the image to
the left to read the
original file from the
FBI related to the case
of the Dalí lithographs
Fingerprint simulator (Hard mode is not recommended, it does not work correctly right now)
Practice matching fingerprints using the game below.
There are four fingerprints in total.
For each fingerprint, tap/click on the matching 4 fingerprint segments (parts) that make up the (whole) fingerprint:
You have now had a chance to test your skills visual matching fingerprint patterns. Now, we will learn about the development of the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) which addresses challenges obtaining digital fingerprint acquisition and pattern matching. Right now we are going to read and write the main ideas of the following article page by page.
Remember, the central theme is the most general one to which the other details in the paragraph relate. I've provided a skeleton main idea for you below each text box
Introduction
Fingerprint identification, a well-known biometric, has been used for over a century and became automated due to computing advancements. It's popular for its ease of acquisition, multiple sources for collection, and use by law enforcement.
History
Fingerprints for identification originated in the late 19th century. Automation started in the 1960s with the use of minutiae, a subset of Galton Points. The FBI initiated automation in 1969, addressing challenges like scanning and matching minutiae. By 1975, fingerprint scanners were developed. NIST played a role, leading to the M40 algorithm.
(History, contd.)
By 1981, five AFIS were deployed, but oversights in communication led to the need for fingerprint standards. IAFIS emerged in 1994, addressing challenges and operational by 1999.
Approach:
Fingerprint identification relies on minutiae, representing ridge endings and bifurcations.
(Approach, contd.)
AFIS interprets ridge flow, assigns classification, and extracts minutiae for effective searches. Levels of detail include ridge flow, presence of features, and intricate single ridge details.
Hardware:
Various sensors like optical, capacitive, ultrasound, and thermal collect fingerprint images. Optical sensors are common, and capacitive sensors measure pixel values based on capacitance differences.
Software
Fingerprint matching techniques include minutiae-based and pattern matching. Minutiae-based matching relies on location and direction of minutiae points for recognition. Pattern matching compares image similarity to detect duplicates.
This technology involves various sensor types for image collection and matching techniques for recognition, contributing to its effectiveness in forensic applications.
About Junie B. Jones
Grade: 9th Grade
Junie B. Jones is a vibrant and well nourished 9th-grade student who brings creativity and energy to her studies. Despite having a history of strong basic reading skills, her reading comprehension skills has limited her academically. In decoding words and understanding basic reading elements, Junie B. Jones demonstrates a proficiency expected for her grade level. Her abilities in identifying a central idea as well as making inferences and connections to broader themes and abstract ideas are areas for improvement. Junie B. Jones would benefit from targeted interventions to enhance her analytical skills and deepen her understanding of complex texts. While Junie B. Jones shows enthusiasm for literature, there is room for growth in her ability to analyze informational texts on a deeper level and articulate thoughtful responses.
Reading Comprehension Goal Based on Common Core Standard: RL.9-10.
Standard: Determine a theme or central idea of an informational text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.
Goal: By 5/15/2023, Junie B. Jones will independently determine the theme or central idea of an informational text and an objective summary of the text improving from 0% of opportunities to 80% of opportunities, independently, as measured by a Speech Language Pathologist.
Objectives:
By 1/12/2023, Junie B. Jones will identify the central theme in at least three different texts in 80% of opportunities, as measured by a Speech Language Pathologist.
By 3/30/2023, Junie B. Jones will independently analyze the development of a theme in a provided text, and cite three supporting details in 80% of opportunities, as measured by a Speech Language Pathologist.
By 5/15/2023, Junie B. Jones independently provide objective summaries of texts with three specific details which contribute to development of the central theme, in 80% of opportunities, as measured by a Speech Language Pathologist.
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