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Bacteria - microscopic prokaryotic organisms that are the most prolific life on Earth
Archaea - microscopic prokaryotic organisms that survive in extreme environments
Eukaryotes - mostly macroscopic organisms with a nucleus and organelles
Archaeaplasta (Plants)
Unikonts (Fungi & Slime molds)
Chromalveolates (Various algae groups)
Excavates (Various unicellular protists)
Binomial Nomenclature System
Binomial Nomenclature System
Carl Linnaeus or Carl von Linne: (1707-1778)
In 1735, Linnaeus introduced the two-word (binomial) naming system
Each taxonomic name has 2 parts (binomial)
Generic epithet (aka genus name), e.g., Homo
Specific epithet, e.g., sapiens
Species name, e.g., Homo sapiens [note that the species name is a combination of the generic and specific epithets]
Binomial System of Nomenclature
All organisms (i.e., living creatures) are named with this system
The application of binomial nomenclature is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp)
Organisms are also placed in a taxonomic classification
Some rules differ for plants and animals (ICNafp vs. ICZN)
Published the Species Plantarum in 1753
This is the 1st official reference of scientific names for botanical descriptions
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
A classification system used to sort organisms based upon similarities
Domain (e.g., Eukaryota: membrane bound organelles)
└Kingdom (e.g., Viridiplantae: green algae and land plants)
└Phylum (e.g., Streptophyta: group including algal ancestors)
└Class (e.g., Spermatopsida: seed plants)
└Order (e.g., Rosales: specific group of flowering plants)
└Family (e.g., Rosaceae: rose family)
└Genus (e.g., Rosa); always capitalized; always underlined or italicized
└Species* (e.g., Rosa multiflora); always underlined or italicized [note two (2) names for species]
* The “species name” is always a combination of the generic epithet and the specific epithet; not just the specific epithet
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