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Embryophytes
Embryophytes
The land plants, also called embryophytes, include the bryophytes, the pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. They all share the evolutionary feature of retaining and protecting embryos during reproduction. This differs from closely related green algae that form zygotes after fertilization, but these zygotes are released, and do not obtain protection or sustenance from the female tissues.
Features
Features
Photosynthetic organisms that retain their embryos on the female gametophyte
Comprises all land plants, including mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
Geologic Age
Geologic Age
Ordovician (485–444 Ma) to present
Lifecycle
Lifecycle
Sporophyte (2n): diploid stage that produces haploid spores through meiosis
Gametophyte (1n): haploid stage that germinates from spores, and produces gametes
Sporophyte → meiosis → spores → mitosis → gametophyte → mitosis → gametangia → mitosis → sperm/eggs → sperm/eggs → fertilization → zygote/embryo → mitosis → sporophyte
Classification
Classification
└Embryophytes
└Vascular plants
├Clubmosses
Additional Resources
Additional Resources
Origin and Evolution of Land Plants (Bennici 2008)
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