Other Multimedia Learning Principles

The split-attention principle says that several separated sources of information (e.g: text, diagram, pictures etc.) should be replaced with a single integrated source of information. 

People learn better from a video lecture when the onscreen instructor shifts gaze between the audience and the board while lecturing rather than looking only at the board or only at the audience. 

The embodiment principle is that people learn more deeply when on-screen agents display humanlike gesturing, movement, eye contact, and facial expressions rather than not. 

The subtitle principle in multimedia learning refers to the use of written text or captions that accompany audio or video content to enhance learning and comprehension. It is based on the idea that presenting both spoken or written words and corresponding visual elements simultaneously can improve understanding and retention of information. For example;  for the learners who have difficulty processing spoken language or for whom the language of the presentation is not their native language. Subtitles can help learners to better understand and retain the information being presented. 

Briefly, the subtitle principle in multimedia learning aims to optimize learning outcomes by providing learners with complementary visual and auditory information, reducing cognitive load, and improving comprehension and retention of the material.