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Time Allotment
The suggested time for exploring this discussion about the topic of the photon concept and its practical application is 45 minutes.
Discussion
Discussion
What is Photon?
What is Photon?
A photon is a tiny energy packet of electromagnetic radiation, also referred to as a light quantum. Albert Einstein's account of the photoelectric effect, in which he proposed the existence of discrete energy packets during the transmission of light, gave rise to the concept of the photon in 1905. Einstein reasoned that the momentum (h v/c) of the light quantum may also be related. The possibility of the light quantum being connected to a particle was strongly suggested by a significant energy value and momentum. Later, the photon was given to this particle. A discrete bundle (or quantum) of electromagnetic (or light) energy is therefore described as a photon. Photons move at the speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s) because they have no mass.
Basic Properties of Photon
Basic Properties of Photon
The characteristics of photons can be summed up as follows in accordance with the photon theory of light:
Each photon possesses the speed of light, c, momentum (p = h v/c), and energy (E = h).
Since photons are electrically neutral, magnetic and electric forces have no effect on them.
When radiation is absorbed or emitted, respectively, photons can be destroyed or generated.
In a photon-particle collision, both the total momentum and the total energy are conserved.
The energy of each photon of light has a specific frequency and wavelength.
Photons have no mass while at rest.
How is a Photon produced?
How is a Photon produced?
There are numerous ways to generate photons, but they all depend on the same internal atomic mechanism. This technique involves supplying energy to the electrons that orbit the nucleus of each atom. An electron typically occupies a fixed orbit, however by energizing an atom, we can move its electrons to higher orbitals. When an electron in a higher-than-normal orbit returns to its ordinary orbit, a photon is created. When an electron transitions from a high to a low energy state, it emits a photon with unique properties. The frequency of the photon precisely matches the distance the electron falls.
Relationship of Wavelength and Energy
Relationship of Wavelength and Energy
Our previous scientific lessons taught us that the formula c=λf, where c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength, and f is the frequency, may be used to represent the relationship between frequency and wavelength. Using the equation, we can determine that frequency and wavelength are inversely related because the speed is constant. In other words, the frequency reduces as the wavelength increases, and vice versa.
Earlier, we discovered that E=hf. As a result of combining the two equations, we obtain the expression,
Using the equation (on the left side) we can say the wavelength is inversely proportional to energy. This means that the shorter the wavelength (the higher the frequency), the greater the energy.
Why does Photon have Momentum?
Why does Photon have Momentum?
We are aware that, according to Einstein's special theory of relativity, mass is merely another type of energy. Even though a photon lacks mass, its momentum is proportional to its energy. The Planck-Einstein connection E=hf states that the photon's energy and frequency are used to calculate its momentum. A photon, however, cannot have any mass because it constantly travels at the speed of light (according to Einstein's equations). However, it is evident that the photon still needs energy in order to generate the photoelectric effect. The conclusion that follows is that all of the photon energy exists as motion. This ultimately leads to the conclusion that a photon must have momentum in order to move and have energy.
Difference between Photon and Electron
Difference between Photon and Electron
Practical Application of Photon Theory
Practical Application of Photon Theory
Why is red light commonly used in dark room?
Why is red light commonly used in dark room?
As you can see in figure below, red light is the region of visible light with the longest wavelength (620-780 nm) and with lowest frequency; hence has the lowest energy. Because of its low energy, red light is considered a “safe light” and is ideally used in photographic dark rooms. This is because red does not generate "fogging" in prints, which can be seen as blur or a dark veil across the print, and photosensitive materials used in printing are not photosensitive to red.
The Visible Light Spectrum
Why do people get easily sunburned by ultraviolet (UV) light but not by visible light?
Why do people get easily sunburned by ultraviolet (UV) light but not by visible light?
As depicted in the illustration, ultraviolet (UV) light has a shorter wavelength, higher frequency, and shorter wavelength than visible light. We can anticipate that it has high energy because it has a high frequency. As a result, exposure to UV light can lead to skin cancer or even a sunburn more quickly than exposure to visible light.
Laser is an important application of photons. In a laser beam, photon beams move in the same direction at the same wavelength. This is achieved by transmitting the energized electrons through an optical “gain medium”, such as glass or a gas.
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