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Time Allotment
Time Allotment
The suggested time for exploring this discussion about the topic of the Aristotelian and Galilean conceptions of vertical, horizontal, and projectile motion is 45 minutes.
Discussion
Discussion
What is Motion?
What is Motion?
Motion in physics is the process through which an object shifts in relation to time. Calculating the change in body position with time in relation to a frame of reference while mathematically expressing motion in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, and speed. Kinematics is the area of physics that examines forces and how they affect motion, while dynamics is the area of physics that studies how motion is affected by forces.
The first evidence of the study of the motion of heavenly bodies can be traced back to the people of Sumeria and Egypt. While the Greeks were the first ones to study systematically and in detail the heavenly bodies. They regarded the Earth as the center of the universe, geocentric. This idea of a geocentric earth was replaced by the heliocentric model of Nicolaus Copernicus, where Earth and other planets revolve in circular orbits around the Sun. These early studies were the foundations of Galileo Galilei, an Italian physicist to revolutionized Science.
The Aristotelian and Galilean Conceptions of Vertical, Horizontal and Projectile Motions
The Aristotelian and Galilean Conceptions of Vertical, Horizontal and Projectile Motions
Aristotle’s Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal Motion, and Projectile Motion
Aristotle’s Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal Motion, and Projectile Motion
Vertical Motion
Vertical Motion
Natural motion is described as vertical motion. Based on the object's material or composition—earth, water, air, and fire—it will move and then return to its natural state in a natural motion. Aristotle thought that a ball's element was earth since it dropped when it was tossed upward.
Throwing a ball upwards
Throwing a ball upwards
Water Falls
Water Falls
Falling fruits straight to the ground
Falling fruits straight to the ground
Horizontal Motion
Horizontal Motion
Pushing or pulling is necessary to keep an object moving horizontally when it is being violently moved. Only as long as a force is being applied to an item does the motion continue. The motion comes to an end when the force is eliminated. Aristotle defined a "violent motion" as any motion requiring a force. (He did not mean violent in the sense of employing damaging or destructive physical force.)
Pushing the box
Pushing the box
A boat travelling in a river
A boat travelling in a river
Pulling luggage
Pulling luggage
Projectile Motion
Projectile Motion
According to Aristotle, an object moves in a projectile motion parallel to the ground until it is ready to drop back to the ground. The object will retain its momentum until the initial force is forgotten, at which point it will return to its initial state, cease moving, and fall to the ground. Projectile motion, in his opinion, is a powerful and natural action. Heavy things fall more quickly than light ones, he claimed.
Bow and arrow/slingshot.
Bow and arrow/slingshot.
The motion of a cannonball.
The motion of a cannonball.
Javelin throw
Javelin throw
Galileo’s Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal Motion, and Projectile Motion
Galileo’s Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal Motion, and Projectile Motion
Vertical Motion
Vertical Motion
In the absence of resistance, objects would fall according to their time of fall rather than their weight. Additionally, if the object experiences a fluid resistance equal to or higher than its weight, it will slow down and move uniformly until it hits the bottom and comes to a stop.
For example, without any resistance, a 1 kg object will fall as fast as a 10 kg object because it falls at the same time, provided that it is released from the same height.
A stone dropped in the ocean will sooner or later travel at constant speed.
Horizontal Motion
Horizontal Motion
A moving object, if not hindered, will continue to move and no external force is required to maintain motion. If the Earth's surface was very flat and extended indefinitely, objects being pushed around would not be hindered. So the object will continue to move. However, this type of movement is not obvious in nature.
For example, if a ball is pushed on an infinitely flat plane, the ball will continue to roll if unimpeded
Projectile Motion
Projectile Motion
Galileo believed that a projectile was a combination of uniform horizontal motion and uniformly accelerated vertical motion. If unimpeded, it will continue to move even when no force is applied. For example, when you shoot a ball into a basketball hoop, the ball requires no force to keep it moving.
It accurately measures movement in two independent directions (horizontal and vertical) and it follows that “rate of fall” is best measured in terms of downward acceleration.
Let's watch this!
Let's watch this!
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