Her mom, being a tattooed woman herself, was fine with this. Her dad, on the other hand, was vocally against tattoos while she was growing up. In her Jewish sorority at college, she was the only one with tattoos.

Available evidence regarding the reasons for people to acquire body markers such as tattoos is contradictory. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and body image in young women with tattoos. To this end, the repertory grid technique (RGT) was adapted and used to assess differences between women with and without tattoos in terms of self-esteem and body image. Sixty young women with tattoos and sixty young women without (all aged 18-35 years), performed the Color RGT in order to evaluate the relationship between self-esteem and body image. Compared to women without tattoos, women with tattoos showed significantly lower self-esteem and displayed stronger relationships between three constructs: ideal body, ideal self and tattooed woman status. No significant differences in body image were detected between the two groups. Women with tattoos were characterized by an association between body image and self-esteem, while women without tattoos did not display such a correlation. Thus, it appears that links between self-esteem, ideal body, ideal self and constructs of "woman with tattoos" may play a role in tattooing behavior in young women.


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@Justink33 - The problem is not with Fitbit. The issue is tattoos. As early as 2015, Apple acknowledged a problem with tattoos. Same with Garmin. It's all of them using the same system to a greater or lesser degree. The sensor is trying to detect a colour change as blood pumps through the blood vessels under the skin as function of reflected light from the leds. Tattoos interfere with this function. TechAcute offers a good explanation as well as some possible work-around. I wish I had better news for you.

My tattoo is a wrist band of shapes - it's light tan, brown and black. But it's pretty solid as far as color going all the way through. Frankly, I don't actually care much for the heart monitor issue, as I don't really use it for that, but what bothers me, is that since the fitbit doesn't connect with my skin properly, I don't get the notifications from my phone. I'm still using my old charge2 with the multiple light sensors and returned the newer one, but that won't last much longer since the battery is reaching that point where it won't hold a charge very long anymore.

I have to position the watch on a certain spot between some ink that has clear skin. Most of the day I seem to be fine. However, it is those times when I find myself throwing laundry in and out of washer/dryer and other acts that can (not always) reposition the watch I will notice the HR sensor lose connection. For exercising I use a Polar H10 so not too concerned there. Also, I noticed if I am doing anything like raking my lawn, or just in and out of my shed moving *** around, I can find that it repositioned and lost the HR. I am an engineer so I spent a lot of my time in my office with my ass planted on a seat outside of my workout schedule, so most of the time all this is a non issue. It is the weekends or evenings when I flip the switch with work and start doing those things around the house I will need to keep an eye on the watch. Seriously considering laser treatment on a small area of my wrist.

I know your frustration, I have tattoo slieves on both arms, Colour on the Right and black on the Left. I have found it across all optical heart rate monitor watches. (Ive got a Garmin Fenix 5X, 6X, 7X, AW7, Samsung Gear 2 and my Polar in the past did it too. Its definately the tattoos )

I ordered epoxy stickers off of amazon that are 1/2" to cover the sensor. SO far I have had no HR cut-outs and it seems to be working. Accuracy seems to be unaffected but time will tell. They are cheap enough also, here is the link if you are interested. I learned of this trick from Apple Watch users with tattoos as it works for them.

Tattoos and piercings are becoming increasingly popular in many countries around the world. Individuals seeking such body modifications have reported diverse psychological motives. Besides purely superficial considerations, tattoos and piercings can also have a deep, personal meaning. For example, they can mark and support the emotional processing of significant life events, including formative experiences from early childhood. However, there is a lack of studies that examine the links of tattoos and piercings with experiences of childhood abuse and neglect in large, population-based samples.

In 2016, 37% of individuals above 14 years who were included in a representative German community study reported having a tattoo. Although tattoos were reported by people of all levels of education and vocational success, they were slightly more common among those with fewer years of school and those currently out of work [13]. Similar proportions of men and women reported having tattoos. By contrast, more women than men reported having piercings (excluding those of the earlobes) [6]. An earlier US-American study had yielded similar results [14].

The underlying psychological motivations for tattoos and piercings have been the focus of comparatively smaller studies, many of which used qualitative methods. Sweetman [7] highlighted that the persistent nature of a tattoo, as well as the involved pain and care, add to its particular significance compared to other fashionable accessories. It is important to note that tattoos and piercings serve as means of communication [15] as they are an outward expression of something felt inwardly. In their review, Wohlrab, Stahl [16] summarized major motivations for acquiring body modifications. These fell into ten categories, comprising superficial motives (such as beauty and fashion) as well as expressions of profound personal meaning (personal narrative, group affiliations and commitment, resistance).

Tattooed and pierced individuals also reported a higher need for uniqueness [17] and lower self-esteem [18] than those without any body modifications. Body modifications have been related to comparatively pronounced risk-taking behavior [19, 20] and sensation seeking [21]. They were more common among individuals with personality disorders [22] and pathological behaviors such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), e.g., in the form of cutting [23, 24].

However, there is a lack of comprehensive, systematic investigations of the associations of childhood abuse and neglect with tattoos and piercings at the population level. This presents a research gap as adverse childhood experiences are a widespread phenomenon [31], with sustained consequences for health and well-being, identity, and behavior across the life span.

In addition, research has shown that psychological trauma disrupts narrative processing, meaning that memories of adverse events might be represented differently than memories of experiences that were not accompanied by intense distress (see e.g., [32]). This could make it difficult to access and communicate them in verbal form, e.g., in conversation with others. Instead, body modifications lie close as a more physical, behavioral mode of expression.

Furthermore, survivors of childhood abuse and neglect are especially likely to show the characteristics of tattooed and pierced individuals reported above, e.g., low self-esteem, risk-taking and other impulsive behaviors, which are often observed in the context of personality pathology [33, 34]. These factors could facilitate tattoos and piercings in the sense of mediating or moderating variables: As developmental risk factors, abuse and neglect implicate a negative self-image and emotion regulation difficulties (e.g., [35, 36]). Against this background, tattoos and piercings could be used specifically to create more pleasant subjective experiences. This includes feelings of being in control, which contrast the distressing early experience of having been victimized and/or neglected [37]. At the same time, impulsive traits make it more likely that individuals will get (multiple) tattoos or piercings without much concern about potential risks or undesirable long-term consequences, which might otherwise deter them.

We used a validated questionnaire assessing childhood abuse and neglect, the 28-item short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) [38], in a representative population sample. We presumed that childhood abuse and neglect are consequential early life experiences that are positively associated with body modifications later in life, e.g., based on previous evidence from survivors of sexual abuse [27, 28] and individuals with intimate piercings [30]. We thus expected higher rates of tattoos and piercing among individuals reporting abuse and neglect compared to those reporting no abuse or neglect. We also expected reports of more severe abuse and neglect to be associated with higher proportions of tattoos and piercings among the persons affected.

Tattoos and piercings are in some respects comparable (e.g., both are permanent and the experience of getting them is painful to some degree), however, piercing the skin versus applying an image or lettering to it are different kinds of body modifications. Therefore, given the lack of studies that have systematically investigated associations of (childhood) adversity with tattoos and piercings within the same sample, more exploratory research questions concerned potentially differential associations of childhood abuse and neglect with tattoos versus with piercings. 006ab0faaa

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