Many scientists worked on the problem of organizing the elements, but Dmitri Mendeleev published his first version of the periodic table in 1869, and is most often credited as its inventor. Since then, the periodic table has evolved to reflect over 150 years of scientific development and understanding in chemistry and physics. Today, with 118 known elements, it is widely regarded as one of the most significant achievements in science.

Back to the table. This is something I have wanted to do for a really long time and have even considered it for the last 5 or so Inspires. I had a conversation with my friend, @NeilR, who mentioned that he was classifying the predictive tools into a cheat sheet to better understand when and why you use them. He had a technology track speaking slot at this Inspire and I thought, not only would this content make a great side B, I finally had outside pressure to do this project and get it done for the conference.


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By virtue of its work in relation with the chemical elements, IUPAC can dispense a periodic table that is up-to-date. IUPAC involvement covers various aspects of the table and data that it unveils, and several reports and recommendations, some quite recent, attest of that input.

The table is yours to use. Details about the latest release are provided above. Details below provide multiple references to IUPAC journal in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) and magazine Chemistry International (CI).


Click on any button with element name to get its x-ray properties. If you give an energy value in the box at the top of the table then you also get x-ray cross-sections at that energy. The sources for the subroutine (mucal_f or mucal_c) used to calculate x-ray cross-sections is available.

I was able to embed a functional periodic table into obsidian for note reference thanks to this forum here. I generated all of the element information via chatgpt and automated the import into my vault because honestly nobody's got time for all of that. My field of work involves a lot of chemistry so it's nice when I'm doing research to link to the elements and immediately have the relevant information there to be seen.

Which SCALE() gets the variable fractional part for using it UPDATE ING the table ROW value. Like if a number is TRUNC(1.0080, SCALE(1.0080)) how many needed to delete from value SCALE(1.0080) should return 3 => TRUNC(1.0080, 3) => returns VALUE = 1.008 , but scale returns 4.

Inspired by Samir Azer, a science teacher at the Kentucky School for the Blind, this set can assist in the instruction and demonstration of concepts related to the arrangement of the periodic table, atomic structure, ionic and covalent bonding, and balancing of chemical equations to students who benefit from a hands-on, interactive model. Special attention was given to make the materials tactually discriminable and visually appealing to the target population, yet appropriate for all students regardless of visual acuity.

In 1913, chemistry and physics were topsy-turvy. Some big hitters - including Mendeleev - were talking seriously about elements lighter than hydrogen and elements between hydrogen and helium. Visualizing the atom was a free-for-all, and Mendeleev's justification for a periodic table based on atomic weights was falling apart at the seams.

Mendeleev realized that the table in front of him lay at the very heart of chemistry. And more than that, Mendeleev saw that his table was incomplete - there were spaces where elements should be, but no-one had discovered them.

Just as Adams and Le Verrier could be said to have discovered the planet Neptune on paper, Mendeleev could be said to have discovered germanium on paper. He called this new element eka-silicon, after observing a gap in the periodic table between silicon and tin:

Although Mendeleev had made a crucial breakthrough, he made little further progress.With the benefit of hindsight, we know that Mendeleev's periodic table was underpinned by false reasoning.Mendeleev believed, incorrectly, that chemical properties were determined by atomic weight.Of course, this was perfectly reasonable when we consider scientific knowledge in 1869.

I will probably edit this post at least 10 times after publishing it, and no doubt the periodic table will need a tweak here or there. Errors need to be fixed, and all content should be properly optimised (for search, for social, and to support your business goals). Be diligent!

In the modern periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons define the identity of an element (i.e., an element with 6 protons is a carbon atom, no matter how many neutrons may be present). The number of protons determines how many electrons surround the nucleus, and it is the arrangement of these electrons that determines most of the chemical behavior of an element.

In a periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements having similar chemical properties naturally line up in the same column (group). For instance, all of the elements in Group 1A are relatively soft metals, react violently with water, and form 1+ charges; all of the elements in Group 8A are unreactive, monatomic gases at room temperature, etc. In other words, there is a periodic repetition of the properties of the chemical elements with increasing mass.

Chemical Compatibility: Moderately soluble in HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 and HF aqueous matrices and very soluble in NH4OH. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions at low to moderate ppm levels.

Chemical Compatibility: Moderately soluble in HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, and HF aqueous matrices and very soluble in NH4OH. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions at low to moderate ppm levels. Do not dilute or store Carbon standards using plastic containers or similar devices.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4. Avoid HF, H3PO4, and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming insoluble silicates, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, and tungstates in neutral and slightly acidic media.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO3, HF and H2SO4. Avoid neutral media. Soluble in strongly basic NaOH forming the Al(OH)4(H2O)21- species. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions. The phosphate is insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in acid.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HF, H3PO4, H2SO4, and HNO3 as the Si(OH)x(F)y2-. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F- away (i.e. - do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths, or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions with a tendency to hydrolyze forming silicic acid (silicic acid is soluble up to ~ 100 ppm in water) in all dilute acids except HF.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels - stability unknown - (alone or mixed with all other metals) as the Si(OH)x(F)y2-. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the Si(OH)x(F)y2- chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO3 / trace HF in a LDPE container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HF, water, and NH4OH. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions at low to moderate ppm levels under acidic conditions; precipitates with several metals occur in neutral media at higher concentrations.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, and HF aqueous matrices, water, and NH4OH. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions at low to moderate ppm levels under acidic conditions, except Ba, Pb, Ca, and to a lesser extent Sr.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, and HF aqueous matrices. Avoid use of HClO4due to insolubility of the perchlorate. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions except ClO4-.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and HNO3. Avoid H2SO4 HF, H3PO4 and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming insoluble silicate, carbonate, hydroxide, oxide, fluoride, sulfate, oxalate, chromate, arsenate, and tungstate in neutral aqueous media.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3. Avoid HF, H3PO4, and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming an insoluble carbonate, oxide, oxalate, and fluoride. Avoid mixing with elements / solutions containing moderate amounts of fluoride. The fluoride is soluble in excess HF, forming ScF63- (not recommended for standard preparations).

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in concentrated HCl, HF, H3PO4, H2SO4, and HNO3. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F- away (i.e. - do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions with a tendency to hydrolyze forming the hydrated oxide in all dilute acids except HF.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable (alone or mixed with all other metals) as the Ti(F)6-2 for months in 1% HNO3 / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the Ti(F)6-2 chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO3 / trace HF in an LDPE container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HF and H3PO4. Avoid basic media that promotes formation of insoluble carbonate and hydroxide. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HF, H3PO4, H2SO4, and HNO3 as the Ge(OH)x(F)y2-. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F- away (i.e. - Do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions with a tendency to hydrolyze. ff782bc1db

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