Spencer, P. S. et al. Early-onset, conjugal, twin-discordant, and clusters of sporadic ALS: Pathway to discovery of etiology via lifetime exposome research. Front. Neurosci. 17, (2023).
Longinetti, E. & Fang, F. Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an update of recent literature. Current Opinion in Neurology 32, (2019).
Saberi, S., Stauffer, J. E., Schulte, D. J. & Ravits, J. Neuropathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Its Variants. Neurologic Clinics 33, 855–876 (2015).
Meissner, F., Molawi, K., Zychlinsky, A. & Dinarello, C. A. Mutant superoxide dismutase 1-induced IL-1β accelerates ALS pathogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 13046–13050 (2010).
Mayo Clinic Staff. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mayo Clinic (2024). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022.
Payne, B. ALS progression timeline: What to expect: ALS United Greater Chicago. ALS United Greater Chicago | Together, we end ALS. (2024). https://alsunitedchicago.org/als-progression-timeline/.
Moawad, H. The ALS stages. Verywell Health (2023). https://www.verywellhealth.com/stages-of-als-progression-6829517.
He, R., Zheng, M., Lian, L. & Yao, X. Milano–Torino staging and long-term survival in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cells 10, 1220 (2021).
Chiò, A. et al. Prognostic factors in ALS: A critical review. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 10, 310–323 (2009).
Stages of ALS. The ALS Association. https://www.als.org/understanding-als/stages.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als
Mayo Clinic Staff. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) – Diagnosis and Treatment. Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354027
TED-Ed. Why is it so hard to cure ALS? - Fernando G. Vieira. Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9CEzFYCWMo (2018)
Johns Hopkins Medicine. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Johns Hopkins Medicine https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als
Clement, A. M.; Nguyen, M. D.; Roberts, E. A.; Garcia, M. L.; Boillée, S.; Rule, M.; McMahon, A. P.; Doucette, W.; Siwek, D.; Ferrante, R. J.; Brown, R. H.; Julien, J.-P.; Goldstein, L. S.; Cleveland, D. W. Wild-Type Nonneuronal Cells Extend Survival of SOD1 Mutant Motor Neurons in ALS Mice. Science 2003, 302 (5642), 113–117. DOI:10.1126/science.1086071.
Leblond, C. S.; Kaneb, H. M.; Dion, P. A.; Rouleau, G. A. Dissection of Genetic Factors Associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Experimental Neurology 2014, 262, 91–101. DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.013.
PM;, W. The Epidemiology of Motor Neuron Diseases: A Review of Recent Studies. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11676986/
Ralph G. S.; Radcliffe P. A.; Day D. M.; Carthy J. M.; Leroux M. A.; Lee D. C.; Wong L. F.; Bilsland L. G.; Greensmith L.; Kingsman S. M.; Mitrophanous K. A.; Mazarakis N. D.; Azzouz M.; Silencing Mutant SOD1 Using Rnai Protects against Neurodegeneration and Extends Survival in an ALS Model. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15768029/
Reaume, Andrew. G.; Elliott, J. L.; Hoffman, E. K.; Kowall, N. W.; Ferrante, R. J.; Siwek, D. R.; Wilcox, H. M.; Flood, D. G.; Beal, M. F.; Brown, R. H.; Scott, R. W.; Snider, W. D. Motor Neurons in Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase-Deficient Mice Develop Normally but Exhibit Enhanced Cell Death after Axonal Injury. Nature Genetics 1996, 13(1), 43–47. DOI:10.1038/ng0596-43.
Rowland, L. P. Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1998, 160. DOI:10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00193-2.
Van Damme, P.; Robberecht, W.; Van Den Bosch, L. Modelling Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Progress and Possibilities. Disease Models & Mechanisms 2017, 10 (5), 537–549. DOI:10.1242/dmm.029058.