開放取用

Open Access (OA)

定義

《布達佩斯開放取用宣言》(BOAI)

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允許任何使用者自公共網路上免費閱讀、下載、複製、傳播、列印、搜尋或連結至文章全文，爬取資料以作為索引、作為資料放入軟體中，或在沒有金融、法規、技術障礙的情況下，以其他任何合法的目的使用這些資料。唯一的限制於重製與傳播，應該賦予作者著作權，使其得以控制作品的完整性，以確保作品被適當的引述與引用。

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Definition

Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI)

By “open access” to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.

(Resource: https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read/)

開放取用類型

有許多方式可以支持開放取用的信念，隨著學術傳播模式多元化，除了傳統的「金科玉律」之外，有愈來愈多的OA型式出現。

所謂「金科玉律」是指「金色OA」與「綠色OA」兩種OA類型，以下分別介紹：

Types of OA

As scholarly communication evolves, there are different types of OA publishing models. Two main models are "Gold OA" and "Green OA".

The Gold OA and Green OA briefing introductions are as follows:

金科：金色OA

又稱為完全OA出版模式，於出版時透過網路開放，供使用者立即取用。此類型的期刊稱為開放取用期刊(Open Access Journal, OAJ)，通常由作者支付的文章處理費用(Article Processing Charges, APC)承擔出版成本。然而，部份期刊假借開放取用的名義，以快速出版、虛構的期刊影響力指標或編輯團隊等資訊誘騙作者投稿，稱為掠奪性期刊(predatory journal)，在投稿時須要特別小心。

臺師大圖書館提供的服務：文章處理費用折扣

Gold OA

Gold OA is an in-time OA publishing model that allows users to access the full text of any article from the public web as soon as the issue is published. Journals that adopt Gold OA as their publishing model are called Open Access Journal (OAJ). Authors submitting to OAJ are asked to pay an Article Processing Charge (APC) to offset the cost of publication. Be aware, however, that under the guise of open access, predatory journals lure authors into submitting manuscripts with information about rapid publication, fictitious journal impact metrics or editorial teams.

混合型OA　

部份傳統期刊融合出版型式，將當期部份文章以OA型式出版，另一部份則保持傳統讀者收費模式。由於以OA型式出版的文章向作者收取APC，傳統型式文章又向圖書館或讀者收取訂閱費用，因此產生雙重收費(double dipping)爭議。為了解決此項問題，出版者推出R&P (Read and Publish)、P&R (Publish and Read)等轉型化合約。

臺師大圖書館提供的服務：文章處理費用折扣

Hybrid OA

Hybrid OA model means that some of the articles in a journal title are published under the OA model, while the others are published under the traditional model. In the case of hybrid OA journals, a double dipping issue emerges when OA articles are subject to APC charges from authors, while traditional articles incur subscription fees paid by libraries or readers. To address the problem, publishers have been developing transformative agreement such as R&P (Read and Publish) or P&R (Publish and Read).

玉律：綠色OA　

又稱為自我典藏(self-archiving)，由作者或圖書館等機構，在文章出版後於作者個人網站、機構典藏庫或其他OA典藏庫中另外典藏一份。除了正式出版文件(post-print)之外，亦有保存預刊本(pre-print)的做法。然而，自我典藏必須留意出版規範，以確定沒有違反出版合約。

臺師大圖書館提供的服務：機構典藏

Green OA

Green OA is known as self-archiving, which means that articles are stored by authors or libraries on authors' personal websites, institutional repositories or other open access repositories for preservation. In addition to post-print articles, some authors choose to deposit pre-print versions. However, be aware of the publishing policy on whether or not there are standards for archiving.

Paywall: The Business of Scholarship

produced by Jason Schmitt, provides focus on the need for open access to research and science, questions the rationale behind the $25.2 billion a year that flows into for-profit academic publishers, examines the 35-40% profit margin associated with the top academic publisher Elsevier and looks at how that profit margin is often greater than some of the most profitable tech companies like Apple, Facebook and Google.

For more information please visit: Paywallthemovie.com

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