Studio: Space, Consciousness and Sustainability
Instructors: Architect Yishai well, Architect Shmaya Zarfati
Research Advisor: Dr. Arch. Or Aleksandrovich
Project Abstract|
This project examines the neglect and abandonment of historic urban centers, which, despite their cultural significance, have lost vitality and symbolic meaning due to changing lifestyles. As a result, the “sixth facade”, the layer of collective memory embedded in physical space, has gradually eroded, weakening cultural cohesion and shared identity.
The project reimagines the sixth facade as a design tool for renewing urban and social connections. Strategic interventions introduce carefully integrated volumes into the historic fabric, forming a contemporary urban network that respects heritage while accommodating modern life.
Shefa-Amr serves as the case study: a multi-faith city (Muslim, Christian, and Druze) whose historic core, rich with layers of history, has become neglected and disconnected from the life of the city. This disconnection has intensified divisions between the ethnic sectors and accelerated the fading of the sixth facade.
The proposal establishes a “memory route” connecting key sites of collective memory through a series of revival points. These reinterpret the traditional sabat, a private room built above a public street, as a spatial archetype bridging past and present, private and public. This connective layer revitalizes the historic core, restoring its social and cultural significance while fostering a shared urban identity across Shefa-Amr’s diverse communities.
Disconnect and Decay in Shefa-Amr’s Historic Core
The project addresses the neglect and abandonment of historic urban centers, which disrupt the continuity of life that has unfolded in these spaces over generations.
In Shefa-Amr, the historic core has suffered from both physical decay and social fragmentation, intensified by the city’s religious and ethnic divisions. This disconnection between communities has fostered tensions, weakened residents’ sense of belonging, and reinforced spatial stagnation, highlighting the urgent need to reconnect the historic core to both the city and its people.
The Sixth Facade
The sixth facade embodies the city’s living collective memory, combining personal stories, recorded history, and the physical presence of built elements. It represents the accumulated layer of historical memories tied to the urban environment and reflects how life, past and present, has been connected to specific sites and buildings, forming an inseparable part of the city’s social and cultural history.
Historical Connection Between Religions
Darb al-Adyan / Path of Religions
History – Shaping Shefa-Amr’s Social and Urban Fabric
Ottoman Rule (1720–1917): Strategic location led to a flourishing multi-religious commercial hub. Policies encouraged coexistence, reflected today in the historic core—market, citadel, and clustered houses of worship.
British Mandate (1917–1947): “Divide and rule” policies heightened religious tensions. 1943 report formally divided the city: Druze (NW), Muslims (N), Christians (E & S), reinforcing social separation and shaping community identities.
Defining Territories | Forgotten Memory and Reinforced Separation
Today, Shefa-Amr’s historic core, once a hub connecting religious communities, has lost its role as a space for interaction. The abandoned market, formerly the city’s vibrant heart, no longer supports shared life. New centers for each religious group have emerged outside the core, deepening territorial separation and eroding collective memory. The city now shows a clear religious division, with each community living and functioning within its own sector.
Religious division by streets
Religious division defined by roundabouts
Contemporary Survey Among Shefa-Amr Residents
Contemporary Survey Among Shefa-Amr Residents
An anonymous online survey of 53 residents (mostly ages 18–35) explored perceptions of Shefa-Amr’s religious divisions and the historic core, which holds traces of the “sixth facade.” The results showed a clear separation between Muslim, Christian, and Druze communities, with the historic core and market perceived as abandoned and disconnected from daily life. Accessibility challenges and the outdated layout limit its use, while the lack of shared spaces further reinforces social and territorial divides.
Interviews and Film Clips
To complement the survey, 13 older residents were interviewed to capture memories of the historic core when it was active, particularly the market. Videos of professionals who worked in the market were also analyzed. This qualitative research provided deeper insights into the historic core and the layers of memory embedded in the “sixth facade.”
Interviews and film clips
Memory Map
Based on interviews and historical materials, a memory map was created to represent the components of the “sixth facade.” The map documents locations within the historic core that hold memories and traces of daily life, reflecting residents’ personal stories and experiences at different points in the core. It also highlights a sequence of historic spaces and collective memories, traced through residents’ walking paths. Some of these memory spaces still exist, while others have disappeared but remain preserved in residents’ memories.
Revival Steps and Breaking the Stagnation in the Historical Core-
Intervention Strategy in Shefa-Amr
The architectural intervention in Shefa-Amr’s historic core is based on a planning strategy aimed at creating a new urban network that functions as a shared, neutral space. This network breaks spatial stagnation, revitalizes the core, strengthens local urban identity, and encourages social connections between the city’s different communities. The strategy is structured around three main actions:
1-Establishing memory anchors and connecting them
2-Point-based architectural additions integrated onto the fifth facade
3-A new interpretation of spatial elements based on the sixth facade
1-Establishing memory anchors and connecting them: Based on interviews and the memory map, three main memory anchors were identified. The intervention route was selected from the paths traced in the memory map, defining the revival network and connecting the three anchors:
1-Al-Hisba: Former agricultural market and social meeting point near the Muslim sector; now an empty parking area.
2-The Market: Once the city’s economic and social hub for all communities, now abandoned and perceived as part of the Christian sector.
3-The Fortress & water tower: Landmarks at the city’s highest point; the citadel symbolized governance and power, the water tower served as infrastructure and social hub. Both are now abandoned near the Druze sector.
Memory Anchors based on memory map
Selected Intervention Anchors along the Memory Route in Relation to the City’s Sectors
Memory Anchors
1-The Hisba
2-Market
3-The Fortress & water tower
2–Adding a Layer of Movement and Volume: A new movement layer is introduced along the selected memory route, connecting the three memory anchors through rooftop circulation. This layer creates a continuous experiential path of movement and pause between the three religious clusters surrounding the historic core. The intervention reactivates the sixth facade, reviving the life and social interactions that once occurred on the connected rooftops, which historically functioned as shared public spaces. The new volumetric additions placed along these roofs form revival nodes that link the historic points together. By preserving the existing urban fabric while adding new volumes, the project addresses the shortage of available land and reconnects the city’s divided sectors with the historic core. These new connections form a dynamic network that integrates the old city with its surroundings and revitalizes its stagnant spaces.
Diagram of Selected Buildings and the Movement of the Memory Path
Diagram of Movement on the Fifth facade
Diagram of Revitalization Points Locations
Intervention – Form Development
Hand Sketches – Form\shapeDevelopment
Physical model (1:200) – studying building heights and spatial relations within the network.
3 – Integrating the Qualities of the Local Sabat Element into the Spatial Development of the Revival Points: The design of the revival points within the new urban network draws inspiration from the local sabat, a traditional architectural element that once shaped Shefa-Amr’s urban experience. Each revival point interprets the sabat’s spatial principles according to the memory it represents, creating volumetric interventions that connect traces of memory and encourage movement and interaction. Rather than competing with the existing fabric, these new layers revive it, enabling new forms of activity while honoring and reconnecting with the collective memory.
Identified through resident interviews as a key component of Shefa-Amr’s shared urban memory, the sabat originated in the Ottoman period as a semi-covered bridge linking buildings across streets. It expanded built volume while maintaining light, air, and access, creating shaded walkways below and rooftop connections above. The sabat embodies the integration between private and public realms, enriching the city’s spatial and social fabric.
Intervention Catalog – Spatial Traits along the Memory Path
sabat
Revival Points Development Diagram
Diagram – Types of Spaces within the Revitalization Point
Diagram – Identification of Spatial Conditions.
Diagram – Connection of Revitalization Points to Rooftops
Ground Floor Plan -Interaction of Memory Remnants with the Revival Network
Continuous Revival Network and Circulation between Points and Roofs
Fifth Facade Overlay of Revival Points
Rooftop Plan
Revival Network -Connections between Revitalization Points across the Network
Revival Network – Physical Model 1:1000
Section through the & The Fortress water tower- Druze Sector
The revival network links the water tower and the citadel through a continuous spatial system
Physical Model 1:200- The Fortress and Water Tower Revival System
Sequence of Revival Points and the Movement between Them
Spatial Linkages between the Revival Anchors
Passage from the Water Tower to the The Fortress
Inside the vaults
a spatial revival that connects and activates the first two vaults.
Connection of the Revival Point to the Fortress`s
Vault and Its Integration onto the Roof
Beginning of the Revival Network – Market Anchor
Section through the Market Alleys- Christian Sector
Revival points integrated onto the roof level create a continuous movement network and transitional passages.
Physical Model 1:200- Inner Courtyard at the Market Anchor
Revival points integrated onto the rooftops
Separation between the Roof Level & the Revival Points,
& the Movement between Them
Circulation through the Market Alley and the Passages Formed by the Revival Points
Section- Connection between the Hisba and the Market- Muslim Sector
The revival points reconnect the two anchors and reactivate the movement of the sixth facade.