The “Argument from Consciousness” for God is also called the “Argument from the Mind”. It is also a philosophical argument for the existence of God. It centers around the idea that some aspects of human consciousness cannot be explained by physical processes alone.

The argument says that consciousness cannot be explained as naturally generated. The Atheist explanation of consciousness is that our brain is just a very advanced biological machine. Machines can be reduced to their parts. Now our brain can be reduced to its brain cells, but that is not the same as the experience of consciousness. For example, you could find a part of your brain that sees the color yellow, but that is not the same as the experience of seeing yellowness. You cannot study consciousness scientifically because one can only observe one's own consciousness. For example, there is no way to know if we all see the same colors. Who knows, maybe yellow looks like blue to me. For all you know, you could be the only person who exists. 

A single atom is not conscious. Two atoms are not conscious. Similarly, a bunch of atoms is not conscious. So even if you have a complex system, it is still just a complex arrangement of atoms that are not conscious. So, where does consciousness come from? Following is the breakdown of the argument:

Premise 1: Our consciousness has certain qualities, like qualia (the subjective experience of things like color or sound) that seem fundamentally different from physical matter.

Premise 2: The physical brain, made of material particles, cannot by itself explain these subjective qualities.

Conclusion: Therefore, there must be a non-physical aspect to consciousness.

So, the “Argument from Mind or Consciousness” is not exactly an argument for God. It is an argument for the human soul because it shows that you need something immaterial to explain consciousness. From this non-physical aspect, proponents of the argument then move to the idea that this is evidence of a soul or mind beyond the physical brain, which could point to the existence of God.

The Argument from the Mind or Consciousness for God is directly opposed to the philosophy of Materialism, as Materialism states that everything that exists is ultimately physical or material. Consciousness, thoughts, and feelings would all be products of the physical brain according to materialistic philosophy. On the other hand, the Argument from the Mind or Consciousness argues that some aspects of consciousness, like qualia, are fundamentally non-physical. They cannot be reduced to just physical processes in the brain.