此時期音樂成為表達個體主觀情感與民族認同的極致載體。
美學基礎與社會載體:音樂不再受限於理性的框限,轉向追求浪漫主義式的極端情感與對自然的崇拜。工業革命改良了管弦樂器的精密程度,使得龐大的管弦樂團成為描繪宏大敘事的標準載體。
要素演變:和聲中出現大量的半音階 (Chromaticism) 與延後解決的不協和音,用以表達情緒的張力。彈性速度 (Rubato) 被廣泛運用於表演中,打破了機械式的脈動。音樂長度兩極化,既有極短的性格小品,也有數小時長的標題交響曲與樂劇。
excerpts
Niccolò Paganini: Caprice no. 24 for violin solo, Violin concerto no. 2 in B minor "La Campanella"
Carl Maria von Weber: Der Freischütz, Invitation to the dance
Giacomo Meyerbeer: Robert le diable
Gioachino Rossini: The Barber of Seville, William Tell, La gazza ladra
Franz Schubert: Symphony no. 8 in B minor "Unfinished", Die schöne Müllerin (Ungeduld), Piano Quintet in A major "The Trout Quintet", Ave Maria
Gaetano Donizetti: L´elisir d´amore
Hector Berlioz: Harold in Italy, Fantastic Symphony
Johann Strauss I: Radetzky March
excerpts
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka: Ruslan and Lyudmila, Ivan Susanin
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy: A Midsummer Night´s Dream, Violin concerto in E minor, Symphony no. 4 in A major "Italian"
Fryderyk Chopin: Fantaisie-Impromptu in C-sharp minor, Ballade in F major, Étude in G-flat major "Black Key Étude", Nocturne in E-flat major, Waltz in D-flat major, Étude in C minor "The Revolutionary Étude"
Robert Schumann: Symphony no. 1 in B-flat major "Spring", Scenes from Childhood (Dreaming), Piano concerto in A minor
excerpts
Ferenc Liszt: Les Préludes, Dream of Love no. 3, Mephisto waltz no. 1
Richard Wagner: Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, The Valkyrie
Giuseppe Verdi: Aida, Rigoletto, The Troubadour, La traviata, Nabucco
Charles Gounod: Ave Maria
Jacques Offenbach: Orpheus in the Underworld
César Franck: Violin sonata in A major, Symphony in D minor
excerpts
Bedřich Smetana: Vltava (Die Moldau), The Bartered Bride
Anton Bruckner: Symphony no. 4 in E-flat major "Romantic", Te Deum
Johann Strauss II: The Blue Danube
Johannes Brahms: Symphony no. 1 in C minor, Hungarian dance no. 5, Waltz in A major, Symphony no. 4 in E minor
Alexander Borodin: Polovetsian dances (from Prince Igor)
Camille Saint-Saëns: The Carnival of the Animals (The Swan), Cello concerto no. 1 in A minor
Max Bruch: Violin concerto no. 1 in G minor
excerpts
Georges Bizet: Carmen, L´Arlésienne
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition, Night on Bald Mountain, Boris Godunov
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Piano concerto no. 1 in B-flat minor, Andante cantabile (from String quartet no. 1 in D major), The Nutcracker, Song without words, Canzonetta from Violin concerto in D major, Serenade in C major for string orchestra, Swan Lake
excerpts
Antonín Dvořák: Symphony no. 9 in E minor "From the New World", Humoresque op. 100 no. 7, Rusalka, String quartet no. 12 in F major "American", Cello concerto in B minor
Jules Massenet: Méditation (from Thaïs)
Edvard Grieg: Peer Gynt (Morning Mood, In the Hall of the Mountain King, Solveig´s song), Piano concerto in A minor
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov: The Flight of the Bumblebee (from The Tale of Tsar Saltan), Capriccio Espagnol, Scheherazade
Gabriel Fauré: Requiem (In Paradisum)