While nature provides a vast array of enzymes, they are not always perfect for industrial applications. We use a technique called Directed Evolution (another Nobel Prize-winning technology) to improve them.

This process mimics natural selection in a test tube. We start with an enzyme and introduce random mutations to its gene. From the resulting library of slightly different enzymes, we select the ones that perform best for our specific needs—for example, those that are more stable, faster, or can work on different materials. We repeat this cycle until we have "evolved" a highly efficient and robust enzyme tailored for our application.