The ways in which music can affect our physical performance in cardio workouts can help us understand our instinctive music choices for exercise and how faster BPMs produce greater adrenaline. A standard beat per minute for fast runners is one-hundred and twenty to one-hundred and thirty. A positive association is put on cardio workouts when our body is in sync with our music. IDEA Health and Fitness Association provides an article which shows runners listening to a faster beat per minute are more likely to have a much stronger workout. It also demonstrates runners who choose their own song preferences will have a more efficient run than if the songs are chosen by researchers. According to a study done in 2006, the faster paced the music was for treadmill runners, the longer their distance and faster their pace was. Jasmin Hutchinson, an Associate Professor of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, says music boosts our physical performance. “Matching your stride to a particular beat can help you better regulate your pace”. This is known as auditory motor synchronization. Choosing our music carefully to match our pace will make our run happen more efficiently. Jordan Dalebout, a BYU gymnast, says music makes us feel less exhausted when working out because of the energizing music. Many athletes say hard rock is their music choice for working out because its aggressiveness provides more adrenaline. There is a certain beat per minute from a song which can match our running steps. For cardio workouts, we are given a sense of energy add motivation to run faster if our music is uplifting and matching our movement.
Another way music can affect working out is by referring to memories while hearing the song. The amygdala does this for us. It can stimulate positive thoughts so if there is a good one we have tied to a song which is upbeat, then we will most likely choose the song to play as we workout. If a bad memory comes to mind, we will lose motivation to finish the workout. Assistant Professor for Speech and Hearing Science at ASU, Corianne Rogalsky says our capability of consolidating memories increases when our amygdala is active. Because of this, when we hear an emotional song in our warmup, this triggers the amygdala. Therefore, athletes will tend to have the same before-workout habit such as, same outfits, same foods, and same playlists. Zahid Valencia, a wrestler at Arizona State University, continues to choose his emotional song, “Can’t Stop” as he consistently wins championships and is number one ranked. Everyone has different musical choices for exercise. We will choose a song based on how we think it will affect us. A faster beat per minute will be stimulative and increase our heart rate. If the song has words we know and can sing along to, this will occupy our mind. Speed and music tempo are the most valuable factors which will affect our cardio workout efficiency. In conclusion, listening to fast paced music affects the heart rate and breathing during a cardiovascular exercise.
Bartel, Lee, and Abdullah Mosabbir. “Possible Mechanisms for the Effects of Sound Vibration on Human Health.” Healthcare no. 9 (May 2021), 35.
Chair, Sek Ying; Huijing, Zou, and Xi Cao. “A Systematic Review of Effects of Recorded Music Listening During Exercise on Physical Activity Adherence and Health Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.” Elsevierno. 64 (March 2021), accepted September 2020, 9.
Edworthy, Judy, and Hannah Waring. “The Effects of Music Tempo and Loudness Level on Treadmill Exercise.” Pubmedno.49 (December 2006)
Kovar, Elizabeth. “Music and Exercise: How Music Affects Exercise Motivation.” Ace December 2015.
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Pehrson , Alayna. “The Effects of Music on Exercise.” The Daily Universe, 15 July 2015, universe.byu.edu/2015/07/15/final-story-the-effects-of-different-music-types-on-exercise1/.
Live music consumption is one of the most common, and most successful marketing techniques that involves music. We measure our emotions through cerebral variables, which are the measurements used to examine the impacts made on the brain from independent variables and how it effects behavior, and is possible with different techniques, both scientific and instinctive. In the word of marketing, music can be used as a technique to achieve different desired results. There are concepts used in these instances, like sound design and approach-withdrawal behavior. Music has effects on our brains, for example with memory and association. Music identity and place can both be associated and used to gain success in a marketing situation. Marketing with music can be about making money on the spot, or simply getting the word out and attracting business on a more long-term scale. If people begin to associate certain products or advertisements with music, both mainstream and made-up catchy jingles, memories, feelings, and sounds can be recalled and our brains, and permanent associations are made. Marketing allows customers to develop interrelationships between music and any given product or store.
Music can be played over speakers in department stores, small boutiques, outside a store, or even food or produce locations. This technique is more noticeable during holiday seasons at the end of the year because there are more crowds and in-person gatherings where people are looking to spend money somewhere their senses draw them in to shop. Live music can be played that uses the performance to draw people in, at any time of year or holiday seasons, for example in local dives like coffee joints or small business in a town square. Large chains like Nordstrom and small chains or local businesses all use these same musical marketing techniques. Shoppers may not be fully aware, but the music playing, or live musicians can be just the tactic for the real goal of selling products, not to enjoy the music; it is a mere tool for profit. Other times large musical gatherings can be a good opportunity to market or advertise a business or product, interesting people to go and shop.
Music often becomes associated with where we first heard it, how we felt at that time, how it made us feel, or how we can relate to it to comprehend it better. Age also plays a big part in memory association, typically from age 13 to 30 is when we establish our music taste and memory. Music associations can be good or bad, but if they are good, it can lead to success in the marketing world. The approach-withdrawal behavior can refer to time, emotional balance, and the interworking’s of the brain. This can also refer to natural instincts when something is first encountered, for example a new advertisement someone has not seen before, and what music is playing along with it. A person can typically adjust to change well and appeal to approaching new items or certain stores, or a person will withdraw from certain items or stores if they are turned off by the music used in an advertisement or played on the premises, usually due to memories already associated with that music. Childhood memories are often associated with certain music or songs, which can bring about good or bad associations. Marketing with music as a tool is much more scientific and researched than the typical customer walking by a display might be able to recognize. Today, scientists use recorded electroencephalographics, galvanic skin responses, and heart rates to conduct experiences on what effects them physically and emotionally. There are real human studies taken where average subjects will watch different television advertisements and see how it affects their brains and internal state.
Overall, music is one of the most powerful and successful marketing tools used in today’s fast-paced market, using techniques as simple as a popular song, to as complex as scientific research to obtain the best possible outcome of profit. Those using these tactics hope people’s associations with the music choices are positive, because it can lead to much more success and less criticism from the public. Once aware of these marketing tactics, the average person can now be aware of what is going on in the surroundings, and how it is affecting their senses and impulses.
Skandalis, Alexandros; John Byrom; Emma Banister. “Spatial Taste Formation as a Place Marketing Tool: The Case of Live Music Consumption.” Journal of Place Management and Development 10 Iss.5 (2017) 497-503.
Bondari, Brian. WordPress 2.9 E-commerce: Build a Proficient Online Store to Sell Products and Services. Birmingham: Packt Publishing, 2010.
Cohen, Stephen S., John Zysman, Peter Cowhey. Tracking a Transformation: E-Commerce and the Terms of Competition in Industries. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.
Vecchiato, Giovanni; Patrizia Cherubino, Anton Giulio Maglione, Maria Trinidad Ezquierro, Franco Marinozzi, Fabiano Bini, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni. “How to Measure Cerebral Correlates of Emotions in Marketing Relevant Tasks.” Cognitive Computation 6 no. 4 (2014), 856-871.
Shaw, Colin. “How to use Music as a Marketing Tool.” Entrepreneur, February 5, 2015. Accessed October 25, 2021.
Connection To Major
Music throughout the world affects the daily lives of almost anyone. Whether people use music to soothe themselves to complete tasks, or to get pumped up for a workout, music is ultimately able to create a tiny atmosphere for any mood. Humans use sound for both negative and positive reasons. Music can be related to every major in college.
As a Criminal Justice major, it may be hard to realize how we can connect something so negative like crime, to something like music. The answers are everywhere. Criminals are often motivated to commit crime due to music. There are multiple reports of music influencing murderers, rapists, and other criminals. This may seem like a negative aspect to music, but we can also relate it to the soothing of prisoners who are violent. Prisons have noticed how “relaxing music” is able to impact criminals in jail for some of the most violent crimes.
A song called “Used to Love Her” by Guns ‘N’ Roses had been related to two past murders. The song is violent and repeats “I used to love her, but I had to kill her” repeatedly. In 2002, Justin Barber had shot his wife 20 times and killed her. He then shot himself and reported that they had both been robbed. Barber was obviously innocent until proven guilty, and police were unable to confirm his involvement until computer forensic advances 2 years later. Police were able to confirm Justin had downloaded the song and had listened to it repeatedly an hour before the murder took place. Police also uncovered internet searches from Justin that may have shown some sort of regret after the shooting. Searches like “How to treat a gunshot wound”, and “How to stop from bleeding out” were found on Barbers laptop, which was used to convict him. This is just one example of a time when music was able to influence a criminal into committing a crime.
Music has also been used to soothe prisoners who may be violent. According to Castellano & Soderstrom “inmates suffer from higher levels of mental and emotional distress (i.e., low self-esteem, loneliness, depression, stress, fear, anxiety, and anger.” A sample was conducted upon 48 criminals in prison who were asked to listen to “relaxing music” such as classical. Anxiety levels, the heart rate of the criminals, and the anger level dropped drastically after just 40 minutes of listening. Researchers are continuing to investigate this theory, and some are evaluating the effects of playing relaxing music for every prisoner and throughout the prison. Some believe and expect violence in prison to drop dramatically. There is no way to be positive about this theory, until it is tested.
There is an obvious relationship. between music and the Criminal Justice major. Whether music is used to motivate the criminal to commit a specific crime, or it is used to calm violent criminals in prison, it is seen being used everywhere. Music is an extremely important part of our everyday lives.
Bibliography
Peters, Eleanor. The Use and Abuse of Music: Criminal Records. Hirsch Lilly E. Music in American Crime Prevention and Punishment. University of Michigan Press, 2015
Levitin J Daniel. This is Your Brain on Music: “The Science of a Human Obsession”. New York. Dutton, 2006.
Midgette Ann. “Blasting Mozart to Drive Criminals Away”. Washington Post, January 20, 2012. Accessed October 22, 2021