Apis cerana: A Systematic Review of Phylogeny & Implication on Biodiveristy and Conservation

This study highlights the six selected insect taxa from laboratory activity 1 and their relationship through a branching diagram. The objectives were accomplished with thorough research among the character and characters state of the six selected insect taxa, five of which formed the ingroup and one served as the outgroup. The selected insects are from two different orders namely, Orthoptera and Hymenoptera. The character matrix identified ancestral and derived character states for antennae type, mouthpart function, wings, abdomen length, and abdomen segment number. Furthermore, the cladogram showed that two insects from Orthoptera shared a closer relationship and a more recent common ancestor compared to that of Order Hymenoptera. While those belonging in Hymenoptera formed a distinct branch within the cladogram, indicating a closer relationship among themselves. The results of the study highlighted the importance of phylogenetic analysis in understanding insect evolution, biodiversity, and conservation.