Blossoming Connections: Unraveling Phylogenetic Analysis & Implications in Plant Taxonomy of Selected Angiosperms

This laboratory activity focused on analyzing six selected plant species to gain insights into their evolutionary relationships and classification in plant taxonomy. The study centered around five chosen species, including Alternanthera sessilis (TJ), Tridax procumbens (12), Chromolaena odorata (T3), Cyanthillium cinereum (T4), and Spermacoce ocymoides (T5), which constituted the ingroup. Through a thorough assessment of their reproductive and somatic/vegetative characteristics and character states, a putative ancestral organism, Commelina diffusa (TO), was identified. The analysis revealed common and distinct features among the species, leading to their classification within four distinct families: Commelinaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, and Rubiaceae. Binary or multi-state coding, encompassing plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states, facilitated the identification of ancestral and evolved traits. A cladogram was constructed to visually represent the primitive, synapomorphic, and autapomorphy character states. Based on the data, Cyanthillium cinereum emerged as the most parsimonious species. The five taxa formed a monophyletic group, indicating a shared ancestral origin based on shared character Synapomorphies and autapomorphies provided further insights into evolutionary changes and interconnections among the species. This research has significant implications for biodiversity and conservation efforts, assisting in hotspot identification, prioritizing conservation strategies, and promoting effective conservation practices. Understanding evolutionary relationships enhances our knowledge of ecological processes, species interactions, and the impact of human activities on evolutionary dynamics, leading to a more informed approach to preserve and sustain our natural world.