Global Models and Frameworks

Munir's Octopus Angulated Action Research Model

Action research is seen as an opportunity for learning. Available models including but not limited to the Kemmis and McTaggart Spiral, and Lewin's Action Research Model serve as valuable guides to conducting action research. Dr. Munir Moosa has proposed Octopus angulated action research model. Here octopus is used as a metaphor for its flexibility, adaptability, and multitasking.

Sadruddin, M.M. (2024). Munir's Octopus Angulated Action Research Model. https://zenodo.org/record/8104139

Intellectual Barter System

Dr. Munir Moosa pioneered the concept of the intellectual barter system. It symbolizes sustainability, empowerment, and intellectual openness. In his view, “Knowledge and skills are often pursued for materialistic gain, which is entirely justified. However, what if we exchange knowledge and skills with the broader community? What if such an approach could yield multiple benefits for oneself and others?” This model requires faith, responsibility, and ownership. There are two aspects of the intellectual barter system: social and professional.

Munir's Socio-eco-environmental Approach to Environmental Education

It is a conceptual model of environmental education for communities, living under emergencies. Developing environmental literacy programs that support sustainable educational practices should begin with considering socio-economic elements. A scoping review can help to understand how the socio-cultural, and political geography of ABC country shapes the ways people interact with each other and their environments.

Sadruddin, M.M. (2025). Munir's Socio-eco-environmental Approach to Environmental Education. https://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=773417312

An Inclusive Ethical Framework for Research with People with Diverse Disabilities

People in power and position mainly frame research ethics. But do they include the voices of people with diverse disabilities? Do they value human over selfish intentions? People with disabilities are not objects, and they should not be misused. It is essential to recognize that not all disabilities are the same, nor are all contexts identical. Researchers often lack this contextual understanding. While they may have experience, they often lack exposure to diverse realities. Fragility and vulnerability are powerful, so why treat them as objects for personal or professional gain? Why not frame research design with them as co-creators of knowledge? This proposed framework is designed for researchers who desire to work with people with diverse disabilities.

Sadruddin, M.M. (2025). An Inclusive Ethical Framework for Research with People with Diverse Disabilities.https://zenodo.org/records/15615293/files/An%20Inclusive%20Ethical%20Framework%20for%20Research%20with%20People%20with%20Diverse%20Disabilities.pdf?download=1 

Munir’s Reversible Fluid Approach to Semi-Systematic Review

Dr. Munir Moosa proposes a reversible fluid approach for conducting semi-systematic reviews. His method aims to break down the rigid boundaries often imposed in academic research, enabling researchers to adopt more creative review approaches.

Sadruddin, M.M. (2025). Munir’s Reversible Fluid Approach to Semi-Systematic Review. https://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=773417312

Layered Tripartite Consent Model- An Ethrical Disposition in Research and Developmental Policy Formulation

Ethical considerations often become a one-sided affair, as researchers demand participants to fill out consent forms and make uncertain promises without ensuring that participants are aware of whether these promises are fulfilled. Participants are often left out of the loop until after data collection, leading to a common passivity. This expectation of dominance somehow overshadows the participants' autonomy, creating an imbalance in power relations.

Sadruddin, M.M. (2024). Layered Tripartite Consent Model- An Ethrical Disposition in Research and Developmental Policy Formulation. https://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=773417312

Munir’s Academic Model Development Framework

Dr. Munir has introduced a four-layer model designed to integrate intellectual concepts through collaboration and networking. This basic framework facilitates adaptable structures that can be modified and refined by both oneself and others to meet the evolving needs and challenges in education.

Sadruddin, M.M. (2024). Munir’s Academic Model Development Framework. https://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=773417312

Concept of Gen-HUM: The concept of Gen-HUM was pioneered by Dr Munir Moosa. Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, Generation Z, Generation Beta, Generation Gamma and other generational divisions attempt to capture how social, economic, technological and other shifts shape human behaviour. Generational labels do have uses in various disciplines, but overusing them overshadows the real essence of individual identity. These labels were built largely around Western experiences and undermine global pluralism by grouping people around developments that may not have affected all of them in the same way. For example, Generation Y in rural India, urban Canada and metropolitan London did not experience the same socio-economic or technological changes. Divisions also discourage people from being natural and acting as they truly are. For instance, there is nothing wrong with an elder being more tech-savvy than a younger person, or with an adult wanting to play children’s games. Dr Munir pioneered the term Gen-HUM (Generation Humanity)- a mindset for learning from one another through lived experiences. Unlike birth-year labels, Gen-H is defined by values. According to this concept, “We need to raise people with humanity first, instead of focusing heavily on other aspects. Our primary focus should be on ethical and critical thinking, respect for oneself and others, valuing diversity, lifelong learning and acceptance: values that every generation needs.”

I'm pleased to be collaborating with an exciting new interdisciplinary research hub exploring AI in Education. The Hub, AIEOU, is based at the Department of Education, University of Oxford and is led by Dr Sara Ratner.

I intend to develop inclusive AI policies for global higher education and beyond.

Looking forward to engaging with stakeholders from around the world to help shape the global research agenda. If you'd like to join the conversation regarding the design, regulation, implementation and impact of AI in Education, please reach out.