Ionosphere starts from ~60 km vertically upward from the surface of the Earth, and extends up to few thousand kilometers (roughly ~4000 km). This conductive layer of Earth's atmosphere consists of positive ions and electrons, just like other solar system bodies like planets, moons, or comets those who have neutral-gas envelope.  Terrestrial ionospheric electron in between 90 km - 150 km is the major focus of my research.