The Scientific Method: How Science Works.
Mass, Volume and Density
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Mr. Miller Science
The Scientific Method: Investigating and understanding the physical world.
The Scientific Method: Investigating and understanding the physical world.
The scientific method incorporates 6 steps. In order of function they are 1. Make an observation, ask a question. 2. Research the problem (someone may have already solved it). 3. Formulate a hypothesis (make an educated guess based on what facts are known). 4. Experiment. Test your hypothesis. Repeat and/or modify as necessary. 5. Analyze results. 6. Share (communicate) your results for others to use.
Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, Aristotle is widely credited with the creation of the Scientific Method.
These are the basic steps of the scientific method. Make sure you are familiar with these steps. The 6th step would be to share your data. If others can reproduce your results, your hypothesis can become accepted as a Theory. It is important to realize that scientists never prove anything. They can support a theory with strong evidence, but this can always be disproven with equally strong evidence. Many theories have been disproven, but none have ever actually been proven.
Scientific Measurements:
Scientific Measurements:
Acquiring data for use in science
Volume: What size is it? Liters.
Volume: What size is it? Liters.
To calculate volume of a cylinder: V=3.14 x the radius squared x the height.
To calculate the volume of a cube: height x width x length.
"Volume" is the amount of space something takes up, or how much you can put into a given space.
In the United States, we use the English system of measurement. Length is measured in inches, feet, yards, and miles. Volume in ounces, pints, quarts, gallons. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. Weight is in ounces, pounds, and tons.
The Metric System: How the World Quantifies Things.
The Metric System: How the World Quantifies Things.
Temperature is measured in units of degrees Celsius, mass in grams, and volume in liters.
Most of the world, and all scientists use the Metric System of measurement. The Metric System is based on units of 10, making it much easier to use. The size of the units is determined by a prefix. Milli- means 1/1,000, or there are 1,000 millimeters in a meter. Kilo- means x 1,000, so a Kilometer means 1,000 meters. The same goes for volume, temperature, and density.
Temperature: A Measure of Energy Flow.
Temperature: A Measure of Energy Flow.
To convert degrees C to degrees F, multiply C by 1.8 and add 32. To convert F to C, go the other way; subtract 32 and divide by 1.8.
Mass: How much stuff is in a given volume.
Mass: How much stuff is in a given volume.
Weight vs. Mass: Weight is determined by gravity. Mass is density X volume. Weight can change with gravity. For example you would weigh only a quarter of what you do on Earth if you went to the moon, but your mass would be the same.
Distance: The Meter
Distance: The Meter
The standard unit of measurement for distance using the metric system is the "meter." The distance from the equator to the pole(s) is 10,000,000 meters, and so 10,000 kilometers.
The units we use are:
- Distance = Meter
- Volume = Liter
- Mass = gram
- Temperature = Degrees Celsius
Use of prefixes in the metric system
Use of prefixes in the metric system
By using a prefix, we can define either large or small units. Like how many "bytes" of storage a computer may have. such as a Gigabyte (a billion bytes), or Terabyte (a trillion bytes). 1/1,000 of a liter would be a Milliliter (mL), and so forth.
Exa = E = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
Peta = P = 1,000,000,000,000,000
Tera = T = 1,000,000,000,000
Giga = G = 1,000,000,000
Mega = M = 1,000,000
Kilo = k = 1,000
Hecto = h = 100
Deca = da = 10
No prefix = 1
Deci = d = 0.1
Centi = c = 0.01
Milli = m = 0.001
Micro = µ = 0.000.001
Nano = n = 0.000,000,001
Pico = p = 0.000,000,000,001
Femto = f = 0.000,000,000,000,001
Atto = a = 0.000,000,000,000,000,001
Rounding Numbers:
Rounding Numbers:
If the number to the right of the rounding digit is less than 5, the rounding digit stays the same, and all numbers to the right change to zero: 17.4 = 17.0, 34.44321 =34.0. If the number to the right of the rounding digit is greater than 5, the rounding digit increases by a factor of 1, and the digits to the right become zero. 15.5 = 16.0, 123.99 = 124.0.
Questions to think about:
Questions to think about:
1. Why do we need to all use the same common measurements?
2. What is the difference between the metric system and English measure?
3. There are only 3 countries in the world that don't use the metric system. Can you name them?
4. What other things of note did Aristotle do?
5. What is Archimedes Principle and how do we use it to determine volume?
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