References



Websites/ Journal Articles



1) Butterfly Senses. MJV News RSS. (2023). Retrieved March 30, 2023, from https://monarchjointventure.org/monarch-biology/butterfly-senses

2) Butterfly Systematics. MJV News RSS. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://monarchjointventure.org/monarch-biology/butterfly-systematics

3) Monarch migration. MJV News RSS. (2023). Retrieved April 15, 2023, from https://monarchjointventure.org/monarch-biology/monarch-migration

4)  Perez, S., Taylor, O. & Jander, R. A sun compass in monarch butterflies. Nature 387, 29 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1038/387029a0

5) Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Diapause. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved March 28, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diapause

6) McCoshum, S. M., & Agrawal, A. A. (2021). Ecology of Asclepias brachystephana: a plant for roadside and right-of-way management. Native Plants Journal (University of Wisconsin Press), 22(3), 257–267. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3368/npj.22.3.256

7) Natural enemies. MJV News RSS. (2023). Retrieved March 30, 2023, from https://monarchjointventure.org/monarch-biology/threats/natural-enemies

8) Nordell, S., & Valone, T. (2016). Animal behavior (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

9) Tenger-Trolander, A., Lu, W., Noyes, M., & Kronfors, M. R. (2019). Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(29), 14671–14676.

10) Hill, H. F., Wenner, A. M., & Wells, P. H. (1976). Reproductive Behavior in an Overwintering Aggregation of Monarch Butterflies. The American Midland Naturalist, 95(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/2424229

11) Schmidt, A. (2021, May 28). Monarch butterfly fact sheet. PBS. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/monarch-butterfly-fact-sheet/

12) Butterflies of New Mexico: The BRUSHFOOTS II: Milkweed butterflies (Nymphalidae: Danainae). Pajarito Environmental Education Center. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://peecnature.org/butterflies-of-new-mexico/brushfoots-milkweed-butterflies-nymphalidae-danainae/

13) Jiang, K. (n.d.). Genetic secrets of the monarch Butterfly revealed. University of Chicago News. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://news.uchicago.edu/story/genetic-secrets-monarch-butterfly-revealed#:~:text=They%20traced%20the%20ancestral%20lineage,Atlantic%20and%20across%20the%20Pacific.

14) Zhan, S., Zhang, W., Niitepõld, K., Hsu, J., Haege, J. F., Zalucki, M. P., Altizer, S., de Roode, J. C., Reppert, S. M., & Kronforst, M. R. (2014). The genetics of monarch butterfly migration and warning colouration. Nature, 514(7522), 317–321. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1038/nature13812

15) Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Ontogeny. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ontogeny

16) Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Circadian. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved April 15, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/circadian

17) Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Phylogeny. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/phylogeny

18) Oberhauser, K. S. (1988). Male monarch butterfly spermatophore mass and mating strategies. Animal Behaviour, 36(5), 1384–1388. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(88)80208-2

19) Monarch reproduction. MJV News RSS. (2023). Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://monarchjointventure.org/monarch-biology/reproduction

20) Great Milkweed Grow out. Desert Botanical Garden. (2023). Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://dbg.org/partner-initiatives/great-milkweed-grow-out/

21) “Diapause.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diapause. Accessed 16 Apr. 2023.

22) adaptive value. Oxford Reference. Retrieved 16 Apr. 2023, from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104317368.

23) Monarch butterfly. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/invertebrates/monarch_butterfly/#:~:text=Monarchs%20have%20declined%2085%25%20in,to%20be%20to%20avoid%20extinction.

24) Centre, U. N. E. S. C. O. W. H. (n.d.). Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1290/

25) Curry, T. (n.d.). Monarch butterfly. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/invertebrates/monarch_butterfly/

26) Special Biosphere Reserve Monarch Butterfly. Instituto Nacional de Ecología. (2007). Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20100913071219/http://www2.ine.gob.mx/publicaciones/libros/2/monarca.html

27) Ania A. Majewska, & Sonia Altizer. (2019). Exposure to Non-Native Tropical Milkweed Promotes Reproductive Development in Migratory Monarch Butterflies. Insects, 10(8), 253. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3390/insects10080253

28) Threats. MJV News RSS. (2023). Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://monarchjointventure.org/monarch-biology/threats




Videos

1) YouTube. (2009, February 20). Monarch butterflies mating. YouTube. Retrieved March 30, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Dx09DIRkIE

2) Hamline, C. G. E. E. (2023, March 20). CGEE winter highlight compiled. Vimeo. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://vimeo.com/540162385#

3) YouTube. (2020, August 5). Mesmerizing footage of monarch butterflies mating. YouTube. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkPly79pT3g

4) Caldwell, W., & Fredin, T. (2021). Cgee. Retrieved April 15, 2023, from https://cgee-hamline.org/MonarchJV-Migration/

5) YouTube. (2020, March 3). Monarch Butterflies at El Rosario, February 2019. YouTube. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qa0U8AATlGU

6) YouTube. (2021, April 15). https://www.youtube.com/shorts/pFkDbUO-mAU. YouTube. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/shorts/pFkDbUO-mAU





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