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servitude,” “sexual exploitation of children,” “procurement of a child for sexual exploitation” and “inducement of prostitution.” 47 “Reporters” is broadly defined to include not only physicians but health care workers, school officials and teachers, social workers, licensed counselors and therapists, department of human services workers, coaches, and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel among many others.48 Colorado makes reporting mandatory when there is “reasonable cause to know or suspect . . . abuse or neglect” of a child under 18.49 An oral report must be made to the county department, local law enforcement, or the child abuse hotline, followed “promptly” by a written report.50 The county department must notify law enforcement and the district attorney.51 The county department must also submit a report to the state department within 60 days.52 Massachusetts parallels Colorado’s language insofar as it broadly defines reporters and triggers upon “reasonable cause to believe that a child is suffering physical or emotional injury” resulting from being “sexually exploited” or a “human trafficking victim.” 53 But Massachusetts has two novel provisions. One protects reporters from workplace retaliation for having reported in good faith.54 The other requires that the Department of Children and Families give written notice to the reporter within 30 days of the outcome of the report and any services provided to the victim.55 What gets reported States with trafficking reporting laws typically require similar kinds of information from the reporter (see Table 3), such as the following: ● Names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or caretakers; ● Child’s age; ● Nature and extent of the abuse, including any evidence of previous abuse; ● Name and address of the school that the child attends or last attended; ● Names of the persons apparently responsible for the abuse or neglect; ● Family composition, including names, ages, sexes, and races of other children in the home; Table 4. (Continued). State Who Reports Maryland Health practitioner (i.e., anyone authorized to practice healing); police officer; teacher; counselor; social worker; caseworker; and probation or parole officer. Massachusetts A physician, medical intern, hospital personnel engaged in the examination, care, or treatment of persons, medical examiner, psychologist, emergency medical technician, dentist, nurse, chiropractor, podiatrist, optometrist, osteopath, allied mental health and human services professional, drug and alcoholism counselor, psychiatrist or clinical social worker; a public or private school teacher, educational administrator, guidance or family counselor, child care worker, person paid to care for or work with a child in any public or private facility, or home or program that provides child care or residential services to children or that provides the services of child care resource and referral agencies, voucher management agencies or family child care systems or child care food programs, licensor of the department of early education and care or school attendance officer; a probation officer, clerk-magistrate of a district court, parole officer, social worker, foster parent, firefighter, police officer; a priest, rabbi, clergy member, ordained or licensed minister, leader of any church or religious body, accredited Christian Science practitioner, person performing official duties on behalf of a church or religious body, or person employed by a church or religious body to supervise, educate, coach, train or counsel a child on a regular basis; any person in charge of a medical or other public or private institution, school or facility or that person’s designated agent; or the child advocate. North Carolina Any person or institution who has cause to suspect abuse or neglect. JOURNAL OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING 125 ● Actions taken by the reporting source, including taking photographs and x-rays, placing the child in temporary protective custody, or notifying the medical examiner or coroner. At least five states (CO, FL, IL, MA, NC) expressly call for the name of the reporter.56 In North Carolina, the reporter must provide a name if reporting orally or by telephone, but declining to state their name will not impede the local department of social services from investigating the