There are multiple projects that try to bring full Linux support to Chromebooks. This is not a tutorial on how to install them, I simply provide the options you can look into and install yourself.
mrchromebox.tech is the place to go. He has FWscripts that have a higher chance of working than most, if not any others. If it doesn't work, use the list below.
2.
3.
Submarine Linux by FyraLabs
4.
ChromeBrew (Linux apps on the local OS)
5.
Crouton (Maintenance Only)
6.
Cadmium
7.
Built in Linux (Crostini)
8.
Breath (EOL)
9.
Ventoy (Universal Boot)
Write protect isn't necessary for dual-booting an OS using MrChromebox's Firmware Utility Script, BUT YOU STILL NEED TO BE UNENROLLED
Pick up a decent hard drive, USB, or MicroSD card. Buy something with at least 100-200mbp/s. You're running an operating system directly on it, so the drive has to be reliable.
My devices:
Samsung Galaxy Chromebook Go: 32GB Space, 4GB DDR4 Ram, Intel Celeron 4200 (Its ass)
SanDisk 128GB UltraFit USB W/ 140mbp/s: Runs Linux Mint 22 "Wilma"
Go with a smaller OS, this uses 1.2-1.5GB idling. If you can handle it, use a terminal based one. Gentoo and Void Linux use 90-100MB idling
SanDisk Ultra Flair USB 256GB W/ 150mbp/s: Runs Tiny11 / Tiny11 Builder
Windows is a challenge to get running on Chromebooks, so please read documentation.
SanDisk 512GB MicroSD Card W/ 200mbp/s: Runs TinyCore Linux
Most Chromebooks don't come with Ethernet ports, so download CorePlus for wireless.
USB Wii Sensor: For Wii on Linux with Dolphin
The Errors:
Don't use a USB to USB-C or SD to USB adapter with your bootable drive because it puts your operating system on a timer. It causes frequent crashes, and whenever you use a USB device on Linux or the boot menu, the BIOS has a constant seizure until you remove it.
There's no audio unless it's played out of another device.
About 10 minutes into your session every time you boot Linux, it opens H-State, Root-A, and OEM disks. It's a bit annoying but it actually fixes the disk reading issue below.
Additional USB sticks don't register in the operating system, this fixes itself if you restart, put the USB in after it boots, and wait for the OEM, H-State, and Root-A to open. It should open automatically with these.
Errors on different DualBoot options
Running XFCE in Crouton results in: Unable to register core dump handler, and permission denied settings after numerous chromeOS updates
Using Ubuntu Linux Distro, chromeOS recovery image software, and external boot drive, doesn't work at all, google likely has a lock on what can boot with system access and what can't, specifically OSes, due to the exploits on school Chromebooks.
CHRX doesn't work anymore because everybody forgot about like 4 years ago including the owner. It reserves space on the hard drive, so you are also limited by your hardware.
Crostini is very restricted and doesn't have a lot of system access or built in storage, which is the main reason I use standalone Linux.
GAMING ON LINUX
Emulation On ChromeOS / Linux
By using Dolphin Emulator, it's possible to run Wii and GameCube games on your Chromebook through Linux. It's extremely easy and you can install it with a package installer.
There are other working emulators on Linux, and it depends on what device you have, but the following have worked on my Chromebook.
Cleanest Running
PCSX2 (PS2)
Dolphin (Wii + GameCube)
WINE (Windows)
Xemu (Xbox)
A significant amount of games just won't work on Linux. Look up the specs needed to run your game, account for the operating system's idling ram usage, and take into account that even though your device has the requirements to run the game, it might not boot with wine, or the operating system might take up too much ram for it to run, or the game doesn't run at all.
For example, my OS is Linux Mint 22 on a USB. I can't run any games over 2 gigabytes of ram even though I have 3.7 gigabytes of ram available. The USB file transfer speed is too slow and my OS isn't small enough.
Windows Games That Run Through Wine
1: Driver: San Fransisco
An extremely fun game to play in school, works very well on wine and runs on all graphics settings.
2. Euro Truck Simulator 1 (2 doesn't run)
Truck Driving Simulator in Europe. $5 on steam and runs on full graphics at 60fps
3: Need For Speed: The Run
A closed-track NFS game about sprinting from LA to NY as fast as possible. Runs on low graphics consistently, but can handle maximum with FPS drops.
Need For Speed games are very simple, so you can run most 2010's NFS games.
4. ClusterTruck
Fun parkour game and it runs on one graphics setting. Runs choppy but is playable.
5. Skyrim ????
Somewhere out there, a version of Skyrim exists that runs on 2 gigabytes of ram. If you were able to find this old copy of the game, it would have a chance to boot. The update that increased the ram required was released around August of 2012. I've looked and most torrents are dead links, or websites have been taken down.
6. Doom
Need I say more.
7. Borderlands: GOTY Edition
This game is 20 Gigabytes, and it runs on less than 2gb of ram. Remember to configure wine to Windows XP to get the best performance.