A collection of disparate conditions that cause signal change in the corpus callosum, usually affecting the splenium. The clinical presentation will depend on the underlying disorder.
These may be seen with
Seizures
- Antiepileptic medications (with or without seizures)
- Sudden cessation of antiepileptic drugs (classic)
- Seizures with or without antiepileptic medications
Metabolic disturbance
- Electrolyte imbalance (e.g. hyperammonemia, hyper- and hyponatremia)
- Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Hypoglycemia
- Marchiafava-Bignami disease
- Osmotic demyelination
- Wernicke encephalopathy
- Wilson disease
Infections
- Viral (e.g. influenza, measles, herpes, mumps, adenovirus, varicella zoster, rotavirus)
- Bacterial (e.g. salmonella, Legionnaires’ disease)
- Mycobacterial (e.g. Tuberculosis)
Drugs and toxins
- Antidepressants (e.g amitriptyline)
- Antiepileptics (e.g. carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin)
- Antipsychotics (e.g. clozapine)
- Chemotherapy (e.g. cyclosporin, fluorouracil)
- Corticosteroids
- Pesticide (e.g. methyl bromide)
Subarachonid hemorrhage (Large volumes)