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Adaptations
Changes in the way instruction and assessments are carried out to allow a learner equal opportunity to demonstrate mastery of concepts and achieve the desired learning outcomes. They are made to meet a student’s needs as identified on an individualized education plan (IEP).
There are two categories of adaptations:
Accommodations are a type of adaptation that creates a personal learning environment for a child by altering instruction, classroom environment, assessment and/or other materials and attributes in order to provide a student with a disability an equal opportunity to participate in class activities and demonstrate knowledge and skills.
Accommodations do not fundamentally change the instructional level, content or learning expectations of the course, standard, or assessment. They are intended to help students overcome or work around their disability and fully access the general education curriculum, without changing the instructional content.
Examples of accommodations include:
Enlarging the print
Providing study guides before tests
Providing alternate versions of tests
Orally reading tests and allowing students to provide oral responses instead of written responses
Providing extended time to complete assignments and/or tests
Doing work in a different setting
Allowing assistive technology
Modifications are a type of adaptation that involves changes made to an assignment, content, instruction, or an assessment that fundamentally alters the content, lowers the standard, or reduces the learning expectations in regards to the objective being addressed or the assignment/test measuring that goal.
Examples of modifications include:
Completing part of the standard
Reducing the amount or complexity of content the student has to know compared to the rest of the students (e.g. Study 10 words instead of 20 words for a spelling test)
An alternative or substitute curriculum is given to a student that is more easily achievable than the standard assignment
Citations:
McLeskey, J., Rosenberg, M. S., & Westling, D. L. (2018). Inclusion: Effective practices for all students (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Resources.
(2024, August, 19). Haddad,.Douglas. IEP Adaptations, Accommodations, and Modifications. Parenting Special Needs Magazine. Retrieved February 1, 2026, from IEP Adaptations, Accommodations, and Modifications - Parenting Special Needs Magazine