Suradnici projekta na međunarodnoj konferenciji u Varšavi

Od 26. do 29. studenog 2024. godine u Varšavi je održana međunarodna konferencija  „Migracje w średniowieczu w Europie środkowo-wschodniej i poza nią. Medieval migrations in East-Central Europe and beyond“ u organizaciji Sveučilišta Kardinal Stefan Wyszyński. Na konferenciji sudjelovali su znanstvenici iz Slovačke, Poljske, Mađarske i Hrvatske među kojima i prof. dr. sc. Hrvoje Kekez, voditelj projekta, i dr. sc. Krešimir Regan, suradnik na projektu.

Prof. dr. sc. Kekez je održao izlaganje na temu „On the road to safety: The experience of travel of Croatian refugees preceding the Ottoman threat in the mid-16th century“, dok je dr. sc. Regan izlagao na temu „The Migation of Nobility from Croatia to Slavonia during the Anti-Ottoman Wars in the 16th Century and its Impact on the Integration of Historical Croatian Lands into a Unified Kingdom“.

Sažetci izlaganja:

On the road to safety: The experience of travel of Croatian refugees preceding the Ottoman threat in the mid-16th century

prof. dr. sc. Hrvoje Kekez

Although Ottoman raids on Croatian historical areas were documented as early as the beginning of the 15th century, their frequency significantly increased after the Ottomans seized the medieval Bosnian Kingdom in 1463. The region of medieval Bosnia, in particular, served as the launching pad for Ottoman marauders heading westward, encompassing Croatian historical territories. One significant outcome of the Ottoman incursions was the prevailing sense of insecurity and the subsequent displacement of the indigenous populace to safer regions. It is crucial to underscore that during the period from 1463 to 1593, due to emigration, the Croatian lands experienced an estimated loss of approximately 60% of the native population. By the end of the 15th century, the Croatian population sought refuge along the coast and islands of the eastern Adriatic, and even ventured across the Adriatic to the Apennine peninsula, where their descendants continue to reside, particularly in the Molise region. The second wave of emigration occurred somewhat later, directed towards the secure areas of what was then western Hungary, now the Austrian state of Burgenland. In the Burgenland region, the first recorded Croatian refugees emerged in the middle of the second decade of the 16th century, with the peak of immigration to Burgenland transpiring in the mid-16th century. This prompts questions regarding the organization of migrations, the social status of the refugees, and an exploration of the challenges encountered during their journey. Furthermore, it aims to delineate the primary traffic routes employed by the refugees from central Croatia to Burgenland. This exploration is approached through an analysis of preserved written sources, with a particular focus on the letters of Count Francis Batthyány spanning from 1533 to 1547. These historical documents hold exceptional value, as Count Francis Batthyány, during this period, exhibited keen interest in settling Croatian refugees on his estates in southern Burgenland.

The Migation of Nobility from Croatia to Slavonia during the Anti-Ottoman Wars in the 16th Century and its Impact on the Integration of Historical Croatian Lands into a Unified Kingdom

dr. sc. Krešimir Regan

Throughout the High and Late Middle Ages, several political-territorial entities existed in the territory of present-day Croatia. The largest among them were the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia, encompassing today's coastal Croatia and the southwestern parts of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Kingdom of Slavonia, located in what is now central Croatia and northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although certain noble families had estates in both kingdoms as early as the High Middle Ages, such as the ban branch of the Šubić family of Bribir (later Zrinski), the reigns of the Corvinus and Jagiellon dynasties in the late 15th and early 16th centuries saw significant migrations of magnates due to Ottoman pressure. Many noble families relocated from Croatia to Slavonia (e.g., the Frankopans, Kurjakovićs), and some Slavonian noble families moved from the eastern to the western parts of Slavonia (e.g., the Zrinski, Blagajski, Peranski, and the Counts of Kostajnica). These migrations of magnates spurred large-scale migrations of the middle and lower Croatian nobility (e.g., the Keglević, Drašković, and Berislavić Vrhrički families). They predominantly settled in the southern half of the Kingdom of Slavonia, particularly south of the Sava River. This ultimately led to the extension of the Croatian identity to this area and the shifting of the borders of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia toward Slavonia, from the mountainous regions to the Sava River. Consequently, the integration of the two kingdoms into one entity occurred, known as the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia, which lasted until the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918. Although numerous researchers have addressed this topic, it remains insufficiently explored and analyzed. Therefore, the primary goal of this presentation is to highlight the impact of Croatian migrations to Slavonia on the process of integrating Croatia's historical lands into a unified kingdom.