Evangelisto, C. (2021). Critical thinking in stem: A qualitative study of community college teaching techniques. 22(2).
Overview
Critical thinking is the process of examining ideas, solutions, and evidence in a thoughtful and reflective way. It involves interpreting and analyzing information, evaluating different perspectives, and drawing logical conclusions. In community colleges, where many students begin their higher education, teaching critical thinking is especially important. This skill can enhance students’ success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses and beyond.
Definition of Critical Thinking
Critical thinking can be seen as purposeful, self-regulating judgment. It involves interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating information to develop well-reasoned ideas and conclusions. It is also described as an essential tool of inquiry that empowers individuals in both their personal and civic lives. Some experts highlight critical thinking as a process that goes beyond basic thinking skills, requiring students to question their assumptions, consider alternative viewpoints, and explain the reasoning behind their ideas.
Importance in Higher Education
Research suggests that students with stronger critical thinking skills tend to be more successful in their college courses. In addition, higher levels of critical thinking are linked to better decision-making in everyday life and fewer negative life events. Many educators believe that fostering critical thinking should be a central goal of college programs, as it prepares students for the complexities of real-world situations.
Critical Thinking in STEM
Despite the recognized value of critical thinking, there is often confusion between critical thinking and scientific thinking in STEM fields. Scientific thinking is considered a subset of critical thinking, focusing on experimentation, data collection, and hypothesis testing. However, critical thinking extends beyond these tasks to include broader judgment, self-reflection, and the application of logic in varied contexts.
There is also concern that some STEM instructors may not have enough knowledge or training to effectively teach critical thinking skills. Professional development programs that focus on teaching strategies for critical thinking have shown promise in strengthening students’ abilities in STEM courses.
Community College Context
Community colleges are a key starting point for nearly half of all undergraduate students. These institutions serve a wide range of learners who can benefit from strong critical thinking skills. Yet, there has been relatively little research on how faculty at community colleges—particularly in STEM disciplines—approach teaching these skills. In addition, the majority of STEM faculty members are from similar demographic backgrounds, which may influence the variety of teaching methods and perspectives available to students.
Teaching Methods
Instructors who make critical thinking a priority often encourage students to explain their reasoning, work backward through problems, and reflect on how they arrive at incorrect or correct answers. For example, one approach involves asking students to analyze the thought processes that lead them to a solution, then consider ways to improve their methods. Teachers may also guide students to look at different perspectives, question assumptions, and think creatively about problem-solving.
Findings and Implications
A key finding is that helping students understand and articulate their own reasoning can lead to deeper learning in STEM. Encouraging backward analysis—where students identify errors and adjust their strategies—may improve their ability to tackle new challenges. These techniques can be particularly effective when instructors receive training that focuses on integrating critical thinking into course material.
By implementing such strategies, community college educators can equip students with the thinking skills they need for academic success, better life decisions, and more positive outcomes in their personal and professional lives.