Marburg virus is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus with a non-segmented genome approximately 19 kilobases in length. Its genome encodes several structural and nonstructural proteins that are essential for viral replication and immune evasion. Structurally, the virus has a distinctive filamentous and pleomorphic shape, with a nucleocapsid that exhibits helical symmetry. These unique structural features contribute to the virus’s stability and ability to infect host cells. Marburg virus belongs to the family Filoviridae, which also includes Ebola virus and other highly pathogenic hemorrhagic fever viruses. Understanding the genome structure of Marburg virus is critical for the development of diagnostics, vaccines, and antiviral therapies (Britannica, 2024; Brauburger et al., 2012; Kortepeter et al., 2011).
NP- Nucleoprotein coats the RNA
VP35- interferon antagonist (immune system evasion)
VP40- matrix protein enabling virion assembly
GP- glycoprotein allowing host cell attachment and entry
VP30- transcription activation
VP24- secondary matrix protein; contributes to immune system evasion)
L Protein- RNA dependent RNA Polymerase
Entry occurs through receptor-mediated macropinocytosis, similarly to Ebola
The viral glycoproteins mediate binding to C-type lectins or TIM-1.
Fusion occurs after the glycoprotein is processed in endosomes.
Virions bud from the plasma membrane using VP40- directed assembly
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