LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT

The concept of the line follower robot is related to light. Here, we use the behavior of light on the black-and-white surface. The white color reflects all the light that falls on it, whereas the black color absorbs the light.
In this line-follower robot, we use IR transmitters and receivers (photodiodes). They are used to send and receive the lights. When IR rays fall on a white surface, they are reflected toward the IR receiver, generating some voltage changes.Black surfaces absorb infrared radiation and do not reflect any of the rays that fall on them; therefore, no photons reach the infrared receiver.
In this project, when the IR sensor senses a white surface, an Arduino gets 1 (high) as input, and when it senses a black line, an Arduino gets 0 (low) as input. Based on these inputs, an Arduino Uno provides the proper output to control the bot.

Components Used

Arduino Uno
IR sensor
L293D motor driver
BO motor
Wheels
Lithium-ion battery
Jumper cables