According to healthyhearing.com, "The goal of audiometric testing is to measure your hearing ability across a range of frequencies in each ear independently. This testing produces a chart called an audiogram."
Additonally, "The audiogram will show how loud the sounds need to be at different frequencies for you to hear them," according to ASHA.
When we test you, we record the results on an audiogram, which looks like a graph, with hearing level on the left (y-axis) (-10-140), and frequency (125-8000) on the bottom (x-axis).
We also use certain symbols to indicate left and right ear, and bone and air conduction. Sometimes we use masking, which means we distract the better ear, which is also plotted. We plot all these symbols, and once they are plotted, we can determine what is going on based on where and how the symbols are placed on the gram.
Red: right
Blue: left
Masking: distracting the better ear.
Air Conduction: O and X
Bone Conduction: Triangle and Box
(Alshuaib, Al-Kandari, and Hasan, 2015.)