MOTIVATION IN SPORTS

LESSON 3: MOTIVATION IN SPORT

MOTIVATION

Definition of Motivation

defines motivation as a condition that energizes behavior and directs a goal. While Sage defines motivation as the direction and intensity of one's effort. Sport and exercise psychologists consider motivation in terms of different views, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, achievement motivation, various theories of achievement motivation, and motivation in the form of competitive success.

VIEWS OF MOTIVATION

PARTICIPANT-CENTERED

- This view is concerned mainly with structure and function of person's personality traits such as, needs, wants, interests, values, desires, impulses, tendencies, or ambitions of the athlete that constitute motivational behavior.

SITUATION-CENTERED

- This view is the situation-centered with which the motivation level is described primarily by situation.

INTERACTIONAL-CENTERED

- This view determines the interaction between participant and situation which is centered on motivation.

WEINBERG AND GOULD (1995), MOREOVER, STATED THAT INTERACTIONAL MODEL OF MOTIVATION HAS IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHERS, COACHES, TRAINERS, EXERCISE LEADERS, AND PROGRAM ADMINISTRATORS. THUS, THEY SET GUIDELINES TO BUILD MOTIVATION. THESE ARE:

INTRINSIC VERSUS EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Reeve (2000) made a distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The intrinsic motivation means a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective while the extrinsic motivation states a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards. Both extrinsic or intrinsic motivation produces the best outcome depending on the goal.

Deci and Ryan (cited in Duda and Treasure, 2001) presented the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations which vary along a self-determination continuum.

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

1) Reeve (2000) defines achievement motivation as a desire for significant accomplishment for mastery of things, people, or ideas for attaining a higher standard. In a similar manner

2) Gill (cited in Weinberg and Gould, 1995) defined achievement motivation as a person's orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience. pride in accomplishments.

3) Eminent sport psychologists, Rainer Martens (1976) and Richard Cox (1990) agreed to define the term competitiveness as a disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others.

THEORIES OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

Need Achievement

Atkinson and Mcdcheoryin Weinberg and Gould, 1995) stated this theory as an Interactive process in both personal and situational factors as predictors of behavior has five components; namely:

Personality Factors or Motives

There are two under votives motives: (1) achieving success and (2) avoiding failure. The former means the capacity to experience pride or satisfaction in accomplishments. In this sense, high achievers display high motivation to meet success. The latter refers to the capacity experience shame or humiliation as consequence of failure. In this manner, low achievers show low motivation, and choose very easy or very difficult tasks.

Situational Factors

There are two main considerations: (1) the probability for success in the situation or task. The possibility of begging winning a bowling match would be lower against Paeng Nepomuceno; (2) the incentive value of success. The impact of self-efficacy on success,

Resultant or Behavioral Tendencies

The theory is best at predicting situations where there is an equal or a balanced chance success. The high achievers would look for challenges in this situation because they prefer competing against others of equal ability or performing tasks that are not extremely easy or extremely difficult.

Emotional Reactions

The theory that refers to pride and shame. Both high and low achievers would like to develop pride and minimize shame, however, their personality traits interact diversely in situations that determine more displays of either pride or shame.

Achievement-Related Behaviors

The last component of the need achievement theory that explains the dynamics of interaction of the aforecited components their influences on behavior.

Attribution Theory

This theory explains behavior in terms of situations and predispositions, internal and external causes, stable and unstable factors, and successes and failures. Attributions can cause expectations of future success or failure. Attributing performance to certain types of stable factors has been related to expectation of future success.

Achievement-Goal Theory

This theory assumes that the perspectives, or the ways with which individuals judge their competence and perceive success, are the critical antece

SUMMARY

Motivation in Sports plays a big part especially in sports performance, influencing an athlete to drive, persistence, and overall success. It is important to understand different perspectives, like participant-centered, situation-centered, and interactional-centered views, which highlights the importance of external factors and traits in terms of shaping one's motivation.The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation emphasizes how athletes are driven by internal and external rewards or satisfaction. Achievement motivation theories, need achievement and goals to achieve which provide a deeper insights on how individuals strive for success, and handle failures, and provides a deeper insights about its importance. Understanding these motivational factors help coaches, athletes, and trainer enhance their strategies to enhance their performance, build resilience, and maintain a positive mindset and mantra. This motivation in sports needs an internal and external factors to support a long term of success.

REFLECTION

Motivation in sports has a great impact for us to deepen our understanding in terms of how these aspects of sports help us to achieve our goals. Motivation in sports builds our performance, and resilience, and maintains our positive mindset because this lesson really helps us to understand and knows that sports is important in building our well-being. This topic really enhance my capabilities as an athlete/student who strives to be the best in terms of achieving my personal goals, especially winning every competition in sports that is why these aspects and importance really helps me to act good and do great thing to help my physical, emotional, spritual, and social aspects as it helps me to reach my peak of performance and builds improvement in many ways possible.

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