In cultures outside of countries primarily speaking English, particularly those outside of Europe, there have been and continue to be different concepts of gender than those within the Anglosphere which do not always easily align within that framework. While it can be tempting to place such folks into the category of transgender - and some demographers and NGOs do so - many members of these groups reject such a categorization. Not working within each group's own framework is to surrender to a colonialist impulse. (See: Gill-Peterson, Jules, A Short History of Trans Misogyny)
Culture A map of gender-diverse cultures assembled through PBS’ Independent Lens.
Culture Two spirit people: a modern umbrella term that covers transgender representation among American indigenous people. Individual tribes have had distinct terms within each culture, so in 1990, Elder Myra Laramee, during the Third Annual Inter-tribal Native American, First Nations, Gay and Lesbian American Conference, proposed its use. Many two spirit people consider themselves distinctly different from transgender people in general. In the initialism “LGBTQIA2S+”, the “2S” stands for “two spirit”.
Culture Hijra - traditional South Asian transgender people
Culture Kathoey - traditional trans feminine and intersex Thai third gender people.
Culture Travesti - Brazilian and other South American cultures. A trans feminine third gender who have reclaimed a pejorative word to use as an identifying label.