The iterations of educational interventions are modified using data collected from previous iterations to improve the effectiveness of an intervention in reaching the goals of the design (Tao, 2013).

Systems thinking is the practice of concentrating on how a group of connected things act and interact with one another (Anderton, 1969). The eight systems thinking skills labeled: 10,000 Meter, System as Cause, Dynamic, Operational, Closed-loop, Non-linear, Scientific, and Empathic Thinking (Richmond, 1992).

Cabreras (2019) applied distinctions, systems, relationships, and perspectives (DSRP) and vision, mission, capacity, and learning (VMCL) to solve complex adaptive system (CAS).