Fundamentals

Of 5G

Fundamentals of 5G

(Emphasis on fronthaul and TSN protocols)

Authors: Udit Kumar, Aditya Gupta

ISBN: XXXXXXXXXXXX (113 pages)

This book provides details about evolution in radio networks, use-cases, and economic value. It covers fundamentals of wireless communication like modulation, frequency band, beamforming, virtualization, etc. It also covers different radio network evolution like from centralized RAN to Open RAN. This book covers how data will be transferred over fronthaul and backhaul network interface to provide better flexibility and bandwidth. It gives a comprehensive overview of interface protocols like CPRI, eCPRI, and JESD204. Time Sensitive Networking for fronthaul is used in critical services with low latency requirements, so details of protocol Precision time Protocol (PTP) and Frame Preemption is covered in the details.

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What's Inside?

  1. Chapter 1 : Wireless Technology - Over the years

Enter the realm of 5G technology with a historical deep dive, where you'll be surprised to see how researchers across time and space have been contributing to the development of cellular networks as we understand them today. It also gives you a glimpse of how 5G will affect your life in the coming years.

  1. Chapter 2 : Back to school with RF

Traveling through the world of 5G without understanding words like AM, FM, PSK, MIMO, and so on makes no sense. This chapter takes you back to school and introduces all of the important terms and concepts essential to lay the groundwork for 5G.

  1. Chapter 3: 5G Network

At this point in the learning process, where you've been exposed to the fundamental ideas concerning 5G, the chapter begins setting the groundwork for the primary component of learning about 5G, namely its network architecture.

  1. Chapter 4: 5G Enabling Technologies

When we talk about cellular networks, it is natural to focus on their data capacity. This chapter focuses on explaining a typical data flow pipeline in a 5G communication system, as well as the many issues and prospects that it raises.

  1. Chapter 5: 5G Fronthaul

Major breakthroughs in 5G are happening in the fronthaul sphere, where it concerns itself with the 5Gs time critical applications. However, 5G also promises high-speed data transfer, and that would also be made possible using the fronthaul interface.

  1. Chapter 6: CPRI

The Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) has been the de facto standard for point-to-point fronthaul transport for many years now. This chapter goes through several elements of CPRI in further detail, such as architecture, frame structure, and limitations.

  1. Chapter 7: eCPRI

eCPRI provides better QoS, low jitters, and latency as compared to CPRI. Building on the previous chapter covering the CPRI standard, this section focuses on eCPRI which is nothing but the network traffic being carried over ethernet.

  1. Chapter 8: The Precision Time Protocol

5G time synchronization requirements are the most demanding requirements till date. This chapter discusses the Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588), which is often used as a base for many timing synchronizations.

  1. Chapter 9: Frame Preemption: 802.3br

This chapter focuses on the Frame preemption mechanisms in depth, which have been developed to achieve low deterministic latency, as they can prioritize and interrupt any ongoing transmission in favour of the high-priority tasks.

  1. Chapter 10: JESD 204B and 204C

5G high-speed communication requires a high-speed serial interface between the data converters and wireless logic devices, which is an impossible feat for conventional LVDS. Hence, the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) committee created standards to provide higher bandwidth and lower I/O count.

  1. Author Biographies

What Leading Industry Experts have to say?

"There is very less literature on Mobile communication, especially covering 4G/5G network technologies. This book will fill the gap for students and engineers who are working in the field of mobile communication & networking. The book is organized in a very effective way by covering the basics of RF communication and then switching to digital communication standards based on RF communication techniques. The book covers almost all the existing standards used in the modem. The book is written in such a way that it will help both SoC development engineers as well software teams working modem (both mobile phone modem as well as base station modem). I strongly recommend this book as reference book for Graduate and Post Graduate courses."

-Rajeev Kumar Srivastava (Ph.D.), Director, NXP Semiconductors Ltd., Bangalore, India.


"Nowadays, 5G is one of the most transformative technologies in the history of telecommunications. This book will provide an Introduction to 5G Wireless Networks and emphasis on fronthaul \& TSN protocols book is to develop a good understanding of the 5G technology. After reading this book, you will have a good understanding of overall 5G concepts, protocols, industry trends, ecosystem and use-cases. I strongly recommend reading this book and wish the authors great success."

- Manoj Kumar Yadav, Director SoC Design at Intel Technology India Pvt. Ltd.

"Beautifully captured all the details of 5G (network architecture, CPRI, eCPRI, TSN, JESD) in a very concise manner. The content of the book is so well written in an ordered manner which helps in getting a complete aerial view of 5G which otherwise would have been very difficult for anyone especially to those who are ramping up on 5G. As a Manager, I found it very insightful to get updated about the latest 5G trends along with a complete overview of the 5G network. I wish the authors great success for this effort."

-Rajesh Chopra., Intel Corporation, Bangalore, India.


"5G is undoubtedly a technological breakthrough, creating immense new use-cases and opportunities. I feel really intrigued reading this book, capturing all the relevant information in a concise and easy-to-understand way. Such books are rare to find, and hence I strongly recommend reading this book."

-Jasvir Singh, Qualcomm, Noida, India.

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Disclaimer

The authors have done their best to ensure the correctness of the material and have no obligation or duty to any person or organization for any loss or damages stemming from the book contents. Further to the best of their knowledge they have incorporated the latest information in the context of 5G at their disposal and make no claim, promises, or guarantees regarding the correctness, completeness, patent infringement, or sufficiency of the same. They explicitly disclaim any liability for mistakes and omissions in the material presented. There is no implicit, explicit, or statutory guarantee of any kind, including fitness for a specific purpose and freedom from computer virus, in the given contents of this book or its hyperlinks to any other Internet resources (if any).


This book is an independent work of the authors and is not endorsed by their employers.

Preface

5G is the most significant technological breakthrough in the telecommunications sector, designed to meet the needs of modern society. The demand for bandwidth and data rate in various services is growing, causing exponential growth in the field of next-generation wireless communication networks such as 5G. Because of the increasing demand of 5G in industries such as industrial IoT (IIoT), robotics, autonomous driving, cloud computing, and critical communications, among others, it is projected to be used in every new technology. Furthermore, it is opening up new verticals and use-cases.

Authored while drawing on the actual experiences in the field of 5G engineering, this book explores radio network evolution, use-cases, probable economic gains, and so on, associated with the 5G tech. It covers wireless communication fundamentals such as modulation, frequency band, beamforming, virtualization, and so on. It also incorporates several other radio network evolutions, such as centralized RAN, Open RAN, and so on. This book describes how data is transferred between fronthaul and backhaul network interfaces to improve flexibility and capacity. It provides a thorough overview of different interface protocols such as CPRI, eCPRI, and JESD204. Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) is utilized for fronthaul in critical services with low latency requirements, therefore the protocol Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and Frame Preemption are also discussed in depth.

This book serves as a compact handbook for a range of readers including but not limited to students, engineers, and managers. It can also serve as a foundation kick-start for someone looking to get started with 5G but lacks any prior understanding of wireless communication.

August 2021