Understand the significance of uncertainties in raw and processed data.
Record uncertainties in measurements as a range (±) to an appropriate level of precision.
Propagate uncertainties in processed data in calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and raising to a power.
Express measurement and processed uncertainties—absolute, fractional (relative) and percentage—to an appropriate number of significant figures or level of precision.
Draw and interpret uncertainty (error) bars.
On a best-fit linear graph, construct lines of maximum and minimum gradients with relative accuracy (by eye) considering all uncertainty bars.
Determine the uncertainty in gradients and intercepts.
Calculate and interpret percentage change and percentage difference.