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Pre-Dynastic: 5500 BC - 3100 BC
Archaic: 3100 BC - 2686 BC
Hieroglyphics: 3100 BC - 250 AD (Royal Documents)
Old Egyptian: 2686 BC - 2156 BC
Hieratic: 2600 BC - 250 AD
First Intermediate Period: 2156 BC - 2060 BC
Middle Egyptian: 2060 BC - 1786 BC
Second Intermediate Period: 1786 BC - 1567 BC
New Kingdom: 1567 BC - 1067 BC
Third Intermediate Period: 1067 BC - 712 BC
Late Egyptian: 712 BC - 30 BC
Demotic: 700 BC - 500 AD (Everyday Writing)
Greek: 332 BC - 30 BC
Coptic: 200 BC - 1300 AD
Arabic: 800 AD - 1300 AD
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGES THROUGH TIME
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGES THROUGH TIME
Rosetta Stone
Rosetta Stone
Images courtesy of: Ancient Egypt Learning Hub,
"The Rosetta Stone: is an Egyptian decree that was translated into three languages (Hieroglyphics, Demotic, and Greek), the Greek translation of the word Ptolemy V by Thomas Young helped Jean-François Champollion to create a decipher for the lost art of hieroglyphics: (British Museum.org).
Coptic: "The Coptic Language is the name used to refer to the last stage of the written Egyptian language. Coptic should more correctly be used to refer to the script rather than the language itself. Even though this script was introduced as far back as the 2nd century BC, it is usually applied to the writing of the Egyptian language from the first century AD. to the present day." Crystalinks Metaphysics and Science Website: Coptic; Egyptian Languages
"The Coptic Egyptian language is written using the Greek alphabet, and includes a few Demotic signs" (What is Coptic?).
The Coptic language, the liturgical language of the Coptic church, probably became extinct in the 16th century. It had its own script and is regarded as the closest language to that of the Egyptian pharaohs. The Copts claimed descent from the ancient Egyptians; the word copt is derived from the Arabic word qubt (Egyptian). Egypt was Christianized during the first century A.D., when the country was part of the Roman Empire. Facts and Details
"The first hieroglyphs of the Egyptian language, often attached as labels on commodities, were written down towards the end of the terminal predynastic period (end of the fourth millennium BCE). There is a continuous recorded until the eleventh century CE, when Coptic (the last stage of the language) expired as a spoken tongue and was superseded by Arabic" (W. van den Dungen).
HIERATIC: HIEROGLYPHS & SCRIPT
HIERATIC: HIEROGLYPHS & SCRIPT
Hieratic Hieroglyphics: Hieroglyphs are characters/drawings (such as the hawk or the sideways G) that represent sounds or letters.
Hieratic Hieroglyphics: Hieroglyphs are characters/drawings (such as the hawk or the sideways G) that represent sounds or letters.
Hieratic Script: Used for keeping records and accounts, and writing letters.
Hieratic Script: Used for keeping records and accounts, and writing letters.
HOW DOES OLD EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE SOUND?
HOW DOES OLD EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE SOUND?
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