Geographic predictions of ecological niche models based on different sets of environmental predictors (elevation, NDVI, climate and combinations thereof) for a couple of species in the genus Grallaria in Ecuador. Parra et al. 2004.
Geographic predictions of ecological niche model through time for Hyperolius ocellatus in western Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bioko). The thin lines represent the current country boundaries and the current coastal line. The gridded surfaces represent the environmental suitability for these frogs. Not too long ago (11000 - 50000 years ago) the coastal line included the island of Bioko and the climate above the land bridge was suitable for dispersal, thus highlighting the potential complex history of connectivity between the island and mainland populations. Bell & Parra et al. 2017.
Phylogenetic hypothesis for the lineages present in the hummingbird genus Coeligena. The two major clades correspond to three lineages that are sexually monochromatic and eight lineages that are sexually dichromatic. Figures represent the mean and standard deviation of colors (hue) for five different plumage patches (crown, gorget, belly, upper back and rump) for each species. Circle colors are approximations of the color displayed by the patch. Parra 2010.
Photographs of beaks and extended wings for different birds. These are used to quantitatively describe shape and form. Lopez et al. 2016.