Paper 2: Italy

A discussion where Christopher Duggan explores the cult of the "Duce", including its quasi-religious dimensions, and the extraordinarily intimate character of the relationship between Mussolini and millions of Italians.

Pulitzer Prize-winning historian David I Kertzer chronicles the active role played by the pope, his emissaries to Mussolini, and others in the Vatican in the Italian embrace of anti-Semitism as state policy.

Split into four 15 minute segments that provides a detailed overview of Mussolini's foreign policy.

Charles Maier explores the impact of Italy's entry into WW1 and the long term impact.