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Background
Background
Ethics Bowl is a collaborative yet competitive event that encourages students to deepen their understanding and appreciation of compelling and complex ethical and philosophical issues. Ethics bowls demand that students analyze their reasoning rather than simply hone their rhetorical skills. Most significantly, the event encourages students to seriously consider other perspectives as they make ethical judgments, and in some cases change their mind when given good enough reason to do so.
By Roberta Israeloff and Dr. Matt Deaton
Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare, or prophylaxis, consists of measures taken for disease prevention. Disease and disability are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices, and are dynamic processes which begin before individuals realize they are affected.
Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
ETHICS
Identify and describe contemporary ethical dilemmas including bioethics, artificial intelligence, gender identity, and income inequality
Describe strategies for resolving competing ethical claims
Stand up for what one believes to be right even when such stances are stressful or unpopular
LIFE
Describe the basic processes essential to life including organization, reproduction, and metabolism
Describe how simple biological systems behave and interact
HUMAN
Explain how the parts of a given human body system work together including how different systems are connected
Essential Questions
Essential Questions
What are the moral rights of all citizens in relation to healthcare?
What are some important ethical questions for society related to health?
Are there ethical problems in our healthcare systems?
Step 1
Introduce several ways of preventive healthcare, such as promoting healthy diet, proper exercise, modifying the environment, physical isolation, and vaccination. Consider individual responsibilities in the process.
Step 2
Prove the effectiveness and scientificity of various preventive healthcare measures through research and experiments. For example, the filterability of different masks, association of alcohol consumption with disease.
Step 3
Choose a preventive healthcare measure, reflect on and discuss dilemmas during implementation, including possible unfairness. For example, some people who are not vaccinated cannot buy health insurance.
Step 4
Summarize the results from the research, experiments, and discussions. State the positive and negative aspects of the selected preventive healthcare measure. And devise how to implement ethical policies in an ideal utopian society.
Pre-Assessment
Pre-Assessment
Questionnaires were used to examine students' knowledge and understanding of Preventive Healthcare, such as whether they had received materials promoting healthy eating, how often they had a physical examination, and when was the last vaccination.
Formative Assessment
Formative Assessment
Have students interview a family member about what he or she has done to prevent illness. Including whether the commercial organization or the government has encouraged him or her to change part of the lifestyle. After returning to school, communicate and share, and compare similarities and differences.
Summative Assessment
Summative Assessment
As a group of two students, choose a Preventive Healthcare topic as the focus and state the pros and cons of taking this measure from both directions. Use specific policies and examples from real life to provide evidence. For example, as to whether the wearing of masks should be promoted, what problems will arise if it is changed to a mandatory requirement? Finally, set the rules for Preventive Healthcare for their ideal utopian society.
Teachers and peers will judge on the scientificity of their statements, the credibility of the evidence, and the soundness of their policies.
Sample Lesson Plan-Step 2
Sample Lesson Plan-Step 2
Grade 7 90 mins
Many people carry hand sanitizer with them to clean their hands in time. It is advertised that this eliminates most germs. Is it better to use more? Do different rubbing methods make a difference? We will design and carry out several sets of comparative experiments in the class.Learning Objective
- Find out how well different hand sanitizers inhibit bacteria.
- By designing comparative experiments to investigate the appropriate antiseptic hand-rubbing method.
Vocabulary:
hand sanitizerdisinfectethyl alcoholisopropyl alcoholscrubfair testindependent variabledependent variablecontrolled variablebacteria colonyActivities
- Teachers surveyed how many students had hand sanitizer in their school bags or with them. Ask them to read the ingredients inside. Find out if it was bought from them or given to them by their parents. How often will you use it, and when do you usually use it?
- Show three different hand sanitizers and list their active ingredients on the whiteboard. Ask students to discuss in pairs: Which one do you believe is the best? How do you usually apply it?
- The teacher guides the review to review the key points of designing comparative experiments, including independent variables, dependent variables, and controlled variables.
- Brainstorm the questions that can be asked about testing the effects of using hand sanitizer. Teachers guide attention to different brands, the amount used, the way of rubbing hands, and the time of rubbing hands.
- Students are divided into four groups, each group chooses a question to design a comparative experiment.
- After completing the first draft of the experimental design, exchange discussions with another group and provide each other with suggestions for improvement.
- After the improvement is completed, the teacher will provide the experimental equipment.
- Complete the experiment as designed, label the Petri dishes and place them in the storage compartment.
- The results of the experiment will be observed and recorded after three days.
- After they finished setting up the experiments, each group of students was assigned different investigation tasks. For example, collect information about the possible harms of manufacturing or using hand sanitizers. Find exaggerated advertisements that are misleading. Where are hand sanitizers installed in schools? Interview and find out how much the school costs each month for hand sanitizer.
Assessment
- Each student will complete a laboratory report, and the fairness of the experiment and the completeness of the report will be used as the evaluation criteria.
- Each group of students will make a short presentation based on their own experimental results and the questions of the later investigation. The logic of the content and the basic skills of public speaking will be used as the evaluation criteria.
Resources
- 3 different brands of hand sanitizer with different ingredients.
- Nutrient agar
- 20 Petri dishes
- Markers
- Labels
- Laptops
Google Sites
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