Ongoing Projects:
1. Diversity and composition among soil arthropods in the Western and Eastern Ghats.
2. Venom evolution in Scolopendrid centipedes.
3. Evolutionary drivers of bird diversity in India.
4. Phylogenetic diversity, endemism and regionalisation in the Western Ghats for woody plants.
We are interested in understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes influencing biodiversity gradients and community assembly in space and time. Molecular phylogenies have become crucial to understanding biodiversity and community assembly because they allow us to incorporate species’ evolutionary relationships and investigate the relative role of phylogenetic inertia, biogeography, climate and biotic interactions, including both antagonistic and mutualistic interactions.
Diversity gradients and community assembly: We have used spatial phylogenetic measures along with species distribution modelling to discern the roles of geo-climatic and biogeographic processes in driving biodiversity gradients (Bharti et al., 2021; Gopal et al., 2023; Goyal et al., 2025). We have also studied the relative roles of functional traits and phylogenetic history in the assembly of the plant-frugivore community by comparing mainland and island systems (Naniwadekar et al., 2021; Naniwadekar et al., 2025). In the past, we have used phylogenetic diversity measures to explore the evolutionary dynamics of butterfly mimicry rings. In particular, we examined the effects of two interspecific interactions, mutualism and parasitism, on the community assembly of mimetic butterflies in the Western Ghats. We showed that evolutionary history, biogeographic isolation, and stochastic colonisation had influenced mimetic community assembly (Joshi et al., 2017).
Ancestral trait reconstruction and phylogenetic signal: Ancestral trait reconstruction methods allow assessing the relative contributions of natural and sexual selection, phylogenetic inertia, and biogeography in shaping phenotypic diversity. We have examined alternate hypotheses for trait evolution in both centipedes and butterflies, including mimicry, sexual dimorphism, and anti-predatory defences among swallowtail butterflies (Joshi and Edgecombe, 2017; Gaitonde, Joshi et al., 2018).
We plan to apply these methods to multiple groups for which we generate detailed species phylogenies (evolutionary data) and phenotypic traits, climate and distribution data to understand their community structure in space and time in the Indian Subcontinent. In addition, we aim to develop new methods for understanding community assembly across taxa at multiple spatial and temporal scales.
Publications:
Sinha, A., Roy, P., Parikh, R., Marathe, A., Majhi, K., Jenner, R., Joshi, J., 2025. Divergent venoms among two closely related co-distributed centipede species, Scolopendra morsitans and S. hardwickei in tropical Asia. bioRxiv
Mandal, R., Gopal, A., Jayanth, A., Sriprasertsil, V., Chaplod, S., Lad, H., Gadkari, A., Desai, N., Kadam, R., Osuri, A., Ghuman, S., Page, N., Strange, C., Chimchome, V., Joshi, J., Naniwadekar, R. 2026. Frugivore species richness influences dietary specialisation and network properties in Asian wet tropical forests. Under review
Goyal, N., Sharma, A., Jagati, V., Herur, A., Jain, A., Gopal, A., Joshi, J., Robin, V. V. 2025. Spatial patterns of diversity in forest birds of peninsular India. Ecology and Evolution, 15, no. 12: e72698.
Naniwadekar, R., Gopal, A., Mandal, R., Jayanth, A., Sriprasertsil, V., Ghuman, S., ….. Joshi, J. 2025. Effects of frugivore species pool and seed size on the diversity and functional composition of frugivores visiting fruiting trees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 292: 20251775. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2025.1775
Kulkarni M., Paripatyadar S., Naniwadekar N., Joshi J. 2023. Local-scale abiotic factors influence the organisation of rock pool arthropod communities in a biodiversity hotspot. Limnology and Oceanography, Early online version https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12427
Gopal A., Bharti D. K., Page N., Dexter K. G., Krishnamani R., Kumar A., Joshi J. 2023. Range restricted old and young lineages show the southern Western Ghats to be both museum and cradle of diversity for woody plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 290: 20222513
Bharti D., Edgecombe G., Karanth P., Joshi J. 2021. Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism in the Western Ghats, India: a case study using ancient predatory arthropods. Ecology and Evolution, 11, 3, 16499-16513. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8119
Naniwadekar R., Gopal A., Page N., Ghuman S., Ramachandran V., Joshi J. 2021. Large frugivores matter more on an island: Insights from island-mainland comparison of plant–frugivore communities. Ecology and Evolution 11, 3, 1399–1412. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7151; Covered by: Birds, Trees and the Narcondam Islands, What 1,000 hornbills contribute to the tiny Narcondam Island
Gaitonde N., Joshi J., & Kunte K. 2018. Exploring evolution of defense ensembles among Papilionidae butterflies Ecology and Evolution, 32: 601-611. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4426
Joshi J., Prakash A., & Kunte K. 2017. Evolutionary assembly of butterfly mimetic community in the Western Ghats, India American Naturalist, 189, E58-E76. doi/10.1086/690907 Won the ASN Presidential Award 2018.
Joshi J., & Edgecombe G. 2017. Tracking the variability of phenotypic traits on a molecular phylogeny: an example from scolopendrid centipedes. Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 7, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0323-9