Week 4: What is Videography?
Pre-production - The planning and development phase of video production.; Before filming, pre-production is the process of developing the concept, writing a treatment and/or script, storyboarding and generally planning the production of the video. We take care of the whole process for you.
Production - The actual recording or collecting of raw footage for the project. ;; The process where the actual video is filmed with a camera crew, or the animation is created by the artists, illustrators and motion graphics designers. The main bulk of the video production process.
Post-production - The last phase of video production when the video is compiled and edited, the audio is adjusted, and any background music and sound effects are added.; Once a video has been filmed, post-production is when it is edited, graded, sound mixed, and finished to become the final film.
Video - is a series of actions or shots that come together to tell a story. But how are these shots created? There are two main ways a story can be captured on film. One is to have the action happen within the frame and the other is to have the camera capture each of the actions as separate shots. Often times it is a combination of the two that is used to tell the story.
Lower third - Lower thirds refers to any graphic or animation in the lower third of the video frame. Usually this would be a name and occupation card.
Storyboard - A Storyboard consists of drawings that illustrate all of the scenes in your production. They are an organized and direct way to visualize what needs to be shot or animated. ; Sketches of all of the shots of the production with the corresponding audio information below (or beside) each shot.
Video - is a series of actions or shots that come together to tell a story. But how are these shots created? There are two main ways a story can be captured on film. One is to have the action happen within the frame and the other is to have the camera capture each of the actions as separate shots. Often times it is a combination of the two that is used to tell the story.
Lower third - Lower thirds refers to any graphic or animation in the lower third of the video frame. Usually this would be a name and occupation card.
Storyboard - A Storyboard consists of drawings that illustrate all of the scenes in your production. They are an organized and direct way to visualize what needs to be shot or animated. ; Sketches of all of the shots of the production with the corresponding audio information below (or beside) each shot.
Tilts - Tilts are vertical movements made with your camera that are fixed. Tilts are the opposite of pans.; The up or down movement of the camera while the camera on a pivot point. Often employed to reveal vertical objects like a building or a person.
Pan - Pans are fixed horizontal movements made with your camera. They are the opposite of tilts.
timecode -- An exact time used to identify a specific frame in a clip or production. Measured in hours, minutes, seconds, and frames. See also duration.
Scene - A collection of shots that occur in the same time and location. Should have a middle, beginning, and end.
Head room - The space between the top of the head and the upper edge of the picture or screen.
Script - A text that describes everything will be said and done by the talent during the project.
Props - Any portable object, other than costumes, that is used on the set of a video
Captions - Could refer to exact subtitles for the hard of hearing, or supporting text for platforms where videos are autoplayed mute, like Facebook.
Edit - A version of the film. A film might have several different edits. We can provide different edits for different platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, broadcast, events, regional versions with translations and more.
Editor - The person who edits the film. Works with the director to choose the best shots, form the overall narrative and assemble your film. The editor may also add logos, music and a basic color grade.
Week 3: What is Photography?
The Rule of Thirds - The Rule of Thirds is a helpful grid to keep in mind when shooting footage because it makes your production aesthetically pleasing. Imagine a tic-tac-toe board aligned directly over your image. The grid for the Rule of Thirds looks like a tic-tac-toe board because it separates the image into 9 separate sections.
Medium Shot (MS) - A shot of an object or people seen from a medium distance. Generally shows a person from just below the waist up.
Close-up shot (CU) - Tightly framed camera shot. For people, this means the head and shoulders. These are best for emphasizing someone's emotion.
Extreme close-up shot (ECU) - Also called a detail shot. Very tightly framed camera shot that emphasizes a small object or part of something or someone.
Low Angle shot - Captured by a camera placed below the actor's eyes, looking up. This makes characters look dominant, aggressive, or ominous. Can be useful as a POV shot.
High Angle - The camera is above the subject, looking down. This position makes characters look weak, submissive, or frightened. Can be useful as a POV shot.
Wide or Long shot (LS) - A shot of an objects or people seen from far away - these are often use to establish the setting or show action.
Point of view shot (POV) - When the camera shows us what a character sees. Usually preceded by a close-up of the character looking at something or directly at the camera.
Zoom - In-and-out camera movement (i.e. closer and more distant)
Week 2: What is Journalism?
GENRES OF JOURNALISM
Advocacy Journalism – journalism that supports particular viewpoints or influences the opinions of the audience usually for a specific political or social cause. A journalist will usually openly declare their stance on an issue while attempting to support it with factual reporting
Citizen Journalism – this form of journalism is not considered mainstream media and is performed by members of the public without formal training. This includes work of bloggers and social media platforms.
Tabloid Journalism • Originally, Tabloid journalism referred to the format of the newspaper being that it was a folded broadsheet. Now it is about news in condensed form often containing overhyped or sensational material. The topics include crime stories, astrology, gossip columns about the personal lives of celebrities and sports stars and junk food news. This is also referred to a “Yellow Journalism”
Yellow Journalism • Yellow journalism is also known as “Tabloid journalism”. It’s writing is overhyped or sensationalized which emphasizes exaggerated claims or rumors.This form of journalism contains little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers.
MEDIUMS IN JOURNALISM
Broadcast Journalism - Broadcast journalism encompasses both television and radio news. There are two ways that journalists can be involved in broadcast journalism: behind the scenes or on the air. Journalists working behind the scenes do a lot of research and reporting, but their faces or voices will not be broadcast. Journalists who work on the air may do their own reporting or read stories crafted by their colleagues.
Print Journalism - This type of journalism is found in newspapers or magazines. Print journalists can be freelance writers who contribute to a variety of different publications or full-time reporters for one particular publication. Print journalists may also work with a photojournalist who will take pictures to enhance the written story.
Photojournalism - This medium of journalism uses still images to tell a news story but may sometimes include video. Photojournalists deliver news in a creative format that is informative & entertaining. Their images have meaning while including a fair & accurate representation of the events being reported on. This is done in both it’s content & tone. It helps to makes facts understandable to the audience
Video Journalism or VJ – Journalism using video. It is also referred to as a “Multimedia Journalism.”
Multimedia Journalism - This is the new, fastest-growing field of journalism. Multimedia journalism uses (some or all parts of) audio, photos, video and text to tell a story. Multimedia journalists usually have a wide set of storytelling abilities, as well as highly defined technical skills.
5 PRINCIPAL TYPES OF JOURNALISM
Investigative - This genre of journalism examines the truth about a particular event, subject or person. It usually tries to discover information of public interest that someone is trying to hide. It also includes serious crimes, political corruption or corporate wrongdoing. Investigative journalists often work with uncooperative or resistant sources who do not wish to reveal information. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report.
News - News journalism relays facts, events and information to the public without twists or interpretation. The news is given in a straightforward, accurate and unbiased manner.
A typical news headline offers just enough explanation to familiarize the reader. News stories lack the depth of a feature story, or the questioning approach of an investigative story.
Reviews - Reviews are part opinions and part facts. The review needs to accomplish two things: 1) accurately describe or identify the subject being reviewed, and 2) provide an intelligent and informed opinion of the subject, based on research and experience.
Columns - Columns are based primarily on the personality of the author, allowing him or her to write about subjects in a personal style. Column writers can take a humorous approach, or specialise in a particular subject area or topic. It’s important for columnists to develop their own voice that is recognisable by their readership. Columnists can interpret events or issues or write about their own personal experiences or thoughts. Columns are usually published weekly.
Feature Writing - Feature writing provides scope, depth, and interpretation of trends, events, topics or people. Features aim not only to thoroughly explore a topic by conducting interviews with numerous experts or the key people involved, but to offer a previously unseen perspective on an event, issue, or person. Feature writing commonly wins prestigious awards when it manages to achieve this goal. Features usually have the highest word count of all journalism types.
Interview - a one-on-one conversation where questions are asked by an interviewer and answers are given by the interviewee. Interviews a can take place face-to-face, on the telephone or even through videoconferencing. They can range from unstructured and open-ended conversations with no predetermined plan with prearranged questions, to highly structured conversations with specific questions that are asked in a specified order.
Closed-Ended Question – A direct question intended to draw out a yes-or-no answer as opposed to an open-ended question intended to encourage a long answer.
Open-Ended Question – A question phrased in a way that encourages a source to give a long, in-depth answer—as opposed to a closed-ended question designed to draw out a yes/no answer.
Newsworthy - information that is of satisfactory interest to the public or a special audience and justifies press attention or coverage.
5W1H: Always answer the who, what, why, where, when, and how of the news article.
Source - Person, record, document or event that provides the information for the story
Reader - (1) Someone who reads a newspaper or magazine. This can apply to both print and online versions, although online they are often also called visitors or viewers. (2) A person employed by a printer to check for errors in proofs, before the newspaper or magazine is actually printed. Also called proof readers or copy readers.
Journalist - a person whose occupation is journalism.
News - information about recent and important events.
Fact-checking - Checking that your facts are correct. To look up anything else that is being presented as fact to be sure that it is the truth.
Medium - a way to communicate information, news, etc, to the public.
Lead - The key information of the story, usually presented at the beginning of the segment.
Headline - A title or attention grabber above the body of an article.
Byline - a printed line of text accompanying a news story, article, or the like, giving the author's name; Name of the reporter who wrote the story, placed atop the published article.
Angle - A particular point of view or way of looking at a subject.
Placeline - shows where the story happened OR where the reporter was when they reported on the story
1st Amendment Right - protects several basic freedoms in the United States including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the right to assemble, and the right to petition the government. It was part of the Bill of Rights that was added to the Constitution on December 15, 1791. In relation to journalism, the Freedom of speech and press allows people to voice their opinions publicly and to publish them without the government stopping them.
Week 1: What is Multimedia?
multimedia - the use of various media elements like text, audio, video, images, etc as a form of expression or communication.
note-taking - the practice of writing down pieces of information in a systematic way that is captured from another source
journalism - the activity of gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news and information through various forms of media; tells people about things that really happened that they might not have known about already.
photography - the art or practice of taking and processing photographs.
videography - the process or art of capturing videos or moving images using electronic media such as digital cameras. The practice of shooting video.
visual production - the use of cameras or images to create videos, graphics or visual effects through recording and editing.
audio production - the use of sound recording equipment for live and studio recording, mixing, and editing of sound. It also involves sound design, effects, Foley, ADR, sound editing, audio mixing, etc.
internet radio broadcasting - online streaming of recorded or live audio to web listeners.
graphic design - the art or skill of creating visual content by combining text and pictures to communicate messages in advertisements, magazines, books, television or social media .
website design - creating, building, planning, and updating a collection of electronic files that determine important visual elements such as layout, colors, text styles, structure, graphics, images, and use of interactive features. Sometimes this includes content production.
social media - forms of electronic communication (such as websites and applications - apps) that enable users to create, share content and interact quickly, efficiently, and in real-time with each other. This includes the building of virtual networks and communities.
community advocacy - when an individual or group speaks on issues that are important to them community and the people in it, particularly those who are most vulnerable. This includes creating programs and services, developing partnerships, and changing public policies, laws, and practices.