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The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed underground infrastructure to host a third-generation, gravitational wave observatory. It will achieve a greatly improved sensitivity by increasing the size of the interferometer from the 3 km arm length of the Virgo detector to 10 km, and by implementing a series of new technologies. It will be a discovery machine in differnt fields:
Astrophysics: it will be able to detect about a million black hole binaries and hundreds of thousands of binary neutron stars per year, achieving redshifts of 100 in the most optimistic scenarios. It could serve to shed light on the nature of dark matter. For instance, if black hole merger would be detected at redshift higher than those of the first stars then they should have a primordial orgin.
Cosmology: it will allow us to constrain the equation of state of the Universe, and in particular, to determine the content of dark energy. Also, since the propagation of gravitational waves differs in alternative theories of gravity, it will serve to probe the underlying theory of gravity
Fundamental Physics: the high signal-to-noise ratios expected in some binary black holes will allow us to study their quasi-normal modes in detail and to probe the equation of state of neutron stars to much higher precision. It will also serve to probe the existence of ultralight particle (a possible dark matter candidate).
I will exploit the Einstein Telescope data in the following areas:
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