Hands-on simulations: Nurses role-play ED handoffs using SBAR, practicing accuracy under pressure (Choi & Chang, 2023).
Annual refreshers & e-learning modules: Maintain consistency across new and seasoned staff (Gross et al., 2025).
Peer review and feedback loops: Encourage real-time coaching and reinforce correct practice (Rhudy et al., 2022).
Interprofessional focus: Including physicians, pharmacists, and respiratory therapists ensures shared understanding (Gross et al., 2025).
Cornell, P., Townsend-Gervis, M., Yates, L., & Vardaman, J. M. (2014). Improving situation awareness and patient outcomes through interdisciplinary rounding and structured communication. Journal of Nursing Administration, 44(3), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000000049
Müller, M., Jürgens, J., Redaèlli, M., Klingberg, K., Hautz, W. E., & Stock, S. (2018). Impact of the communication and patient hand-off tool SBAR on patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 8(8), e022202. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022202
Thomas, C. M., Bertram, E., & Johnson, D. (2009). The SBAR communication technique: Teaching nursing students professional communication skills. Nurse Educator, 34(4), 176–180. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0b013e3181aaba54