BSL-3 has one HEPA filter at the air exhaust, whereas BSL-4 has two HEPA filters in series.
Efficiency of the HEPA filters considered 99,97% for 0,3µm size particle.
When working on aerosol pathogens, BSL-2 must have one HEPA filter for recirculation, and for air exhaust.
Image credit: United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC