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from the Original Web Page ...
History of Philosophy without any gaps https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/
and from the following web page https://sites.google.com/view/history-of-philosophy-without
I created the following YouTube Playlists ...
/// Part 1 - 200 videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdg9zdUA-84&list=PLH99V1T9pDs6zPcIbDJAT_VgMgYp81R8o&ab_channel=historyofphilosophywithoutanygaps
/// Part 2 - 200 videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xW9EGdi6weA&list=PLH99V1T9pDs4Rd3KJB83L6SxJ30IQdKsA&ab_channel=historyofphilosophywithoutanygaps
/// Part 3 - 52 videos ( updated on 2024-09-02 ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TC_3xwqQPjY&list=PLH99V1T9pDs7IHdI1CrQZpsaERh5QUXfO&ab_channel=historyofphilosophywithoutanygaps
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From ...
https://sites.google.com/view/classical-indian-philosophy
==> I created the following YouTube Playlist
MY Introduction to Philosophy in India - 62 videos – Indexed from HPI 01 to HPI 62 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ctCrix2shEM&list=PLH99V1T9pDs6lQdmgyzTa9kGWrxCpPd4W
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From ...
https://sites.google.com/view/africana-philosophy
==> I created the following YouTube Playlist
MY Introducing Africana Philosophy - 135 videos – Indexed from HAP 01 to HAP 135 ( updated on 2023-11-19 ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RvJ109xsOQ&list=PLH99V1T9pDs4EH-kowhLangC5J_0tzyyn&ab_channel=historyofphilosophywithoutanygaps
==
All Episodes
All Episodes
All episodes published so far are listed below, or for lists of episodes with their descriptions please see the relevant introductory pages:
==
Classical Greek Philosophy
Classical Greek Philosophy
Classical Greek philosophy begins in the eastern Mediterranean in the 6th century BC, with the earliest thinkers of the city of Miletus. Along with later figures such as Heraclitus and Parmenides, they are the Pre-Socratics, who put forth pioneering speculations about the natural world, knowledge, and the gods. Things take a more ethical turn with Socrates, with his relentless questioning which challenges other citizens of Athens to give an account of their values. His student Plato, and Plato's student Aristotle, then set the agenda for the rest of the history of philosophy with wide-ranging inquiry into everything from logic and epistemology to beauty, virtue, and myth. This series of episodes concludes with a look at the immediate followers of Plato and Aristotle.
The book version of these podcasts is available from Oxford University Press.
For general bibliography see the top page of each sub-menu:
==
1 - Everything is Full of Gods: Thales
2 - Infinity and Beyond: Anaximander and Anaximenes
3 - Created In Our Image: Xenophanes Against Greek Religion
4 - The Man With The Golden Thigh: Pythagoras
7 - The Road Less Traveled: Parmenides
8 - You Can't Get There From Here: Zeno and Melissus
9 - The Final Cut: Democritus and Leucippus
10 - Mind Over Mixture: Anaxagoras
11 - All You Need is Love, and Five Other Things: Empedocles
12 - Malcolm Schofield on the Presocratics
13 - Good Humor Men: the Hippocratics
14 - Making the Weaker Argument the Stronger: the Sophists
15 - Socrates without Plato: the Accounts of Aristophanes and Xenophon
16 - Method Man: Plato's Socrates
17 - Raphael Woolf on Socrates
18 - In Dialogue: the Life and Works of Plato
19 - Know Thyself: Two Unloved Platonic Dialogues
20 - Virtue Meets its Match: Plato's Gorgias
21 - We Don't Need No Education: Plato's Meno
22 - I Know, Because the Caged Bird Sings: Plato's Theaetetus
23 - MM McCabe on Knowledge in Plato
24 - Famous Last Words: Plato's Phaedo
25 - Soul and the City: Plato's Political Philosophy
26 - Ain't No Sunshine: The Cave Allegory of Plato's Republic
27 - Second Thoughts: Plato's Parmenides and the Forms
28 - Fiona Leigh on Plato's Sophist
29 - What's in a Name? Plato's Cratylus
30 - A Likely Story: Plato's Timaeus
31 - Wings of Desire: Plato's Erotic Dialogues
32 - Frisbee Sheffield on Platonic Love
33 - Last Judgments: Plato, Poetry and Myth
34 - Mr. Know It All: Aristotle's Life And Works
35 - The Philosopher's Toolkit: Aristotle's Logical Works
36 - A Principled Stand: Aristotle's Epistemology
37 - Hugh Benson on Aristotelian Method
38 - Down to Earth: Aristotle on Substance
39 - Form and Function: Aristotle's Four Causes
40 - Let's Get Physical: Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
41 - Richard Sorabji on Time and Eternity in Aristotle
42 - Soul Power: Aristotle's De Anima
43 - Classified Information: Aristotle's Biology
44 - The Goldilocks Theory: Aristotle's Ethics
45 - The Second Self: Aristotle On Pleasure And Friendship
46 - Dominic Scott on Aristotle's Ethics
47 - God Only Knows: Aristotle on Mind and God
48 - Constitutional Conventions: Aristotle's Political Philosophy
49 - Stage Directions: Aristotle's Rhetoric and Poetics
50 - MM McCabe and Raphael Woolf on Aristotle on Plato
51- The Next Generation: the Followers of Plato and Aristotle
==
==
Later Antiquity
Later Antiquity
In this part of the series, Peter examines the philosophy of the Hellenistic age (from the death of Aristotle until roughly the 1st century BC) and late antiquity (until roughly the 5th c. AD). Major topics covered include the Hellenistic schools (the Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics) Neoplatonism, and ancient Christian thought. Along with prominent figures such as Pyrrho, Chrysippus, Epicurus, Lucretius, Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Plotinus, Origin, and Augustine, Peter looks at lesser-known figures and movements, such as the Cyrenaics and a number of Church Fathers, who are often left out of the history of philosophy.
The book version of these podcasts is available from Oxford University Press.
For general bibliography see the top page of each sub-menu:
==
52 - Fighting Over Socrates: the Hellenistic Schools
53 - Beware of the Philosopher: the Cynics
54 - Instant Gratification: the Cyrenaics
55 - The Constant Gardener: Epicurus and his Principles
56 - Am I Bothered?: Epicurean Ethics
57 - Nothing to Fear: Epicureans on Death and the Gods
58 - Reaping the Harvest: Lucretius
59 - James Warren on Epicureanism
60 - Walking on Eggshells: the Stoics on Logic
61 - Nobody’s Perfect: the Stoics on Knowledge
62 - We Didn’t Start the Fire: the Stoics on Nature
63 - Like a Rolling Stone: Stoic Ethics
66 - You Can Chain My Leg: Epictetus
67 - The Philosopher King: Marcus Aurelius
68 - John Sellars on the Roman Stoics
69 - Beyond Belief: Pyrrho and Skepticism
70 - The Know Nothing Party: the Skeptical Academy
71 - Rhetorical Questions: Cicero
73 - Healthy Skepticism: Sextus Empiricus
74 - Tony Long on the Self in Hellenistic Philosophy
75 - The Joy of Sects: Ancient Medicine and Philosophy
77 - Caesarian Section: Philosophy in the Roman Empire
78 - Middle Men: the Platonic Revival
79 - To the Lighthouse: Philo of Alexandria
80 - Delphic Utterances: Plutarch
81 - Jan Opsomer on Middle Platonism
82 - Lost and Found: Aristotelianism after Aristotle
83 - Not Written in Stone: Alexander of Aphrodisias
84 - Silver Tongues in Golden Mouths: Rhetoric and Ancient Philosophy
85 - Sky Writing: Astronomy, Astrology, and Philosophy
86 - Serafina Cuomo on Ancient Mathematics
87 - A God is My Co-Pilot: the Life and Works of Plotinus
88 - Simplicity Itself: Plotinus on the One and Intellect
89 - On the Horizon: Plotinus on Soul
90 - A Decorated Corpse: Plotinus on Matter and Evil
91 - James Wilberding on Nature and Neoplatonism
92 - King of Animals: Porphyry
93 - Pythagorean Theorems: Iamblichus
94 - The Platonic Successor: Proclus
95 - Anne Sheppard on Ancient Aesthetics
96 - Dominic O'Meara on Neoplatonism
97 - A Tale of Two Cities: The Last Pagan Philosophers
98 - For a Limited Time Only: John Philoponus
99 - Richard Sorabji on the Commentators
100 - Michael Trapp and Caroline Humfress on Ancient Culture and Philosophy
101 - Father Figures: Introduction to Ancient Christian Philosophy
102 - Please Accept Our Apologies: the Greek Church Fathers
104 - Let's Talk Turkey: the Cappadocians
105 - Naming the Nameless: the Pseudo-Dionysius
106 - Double or Nothing: Maximus the Confessor
107 - Practice Makes Perfect: Christian Asceticism
108 - George Boys-Stones on the Greek Church Fathers
109 - Spreading the Word: the Latin Church Fathers
110 - Life and Time: Augustine's Confessions
111 - Papa Don't Teach: Augustine on Language
112 - Help Wanted: Augustine on Freedom
113 - Heaven and Earth: Augustine’s City of God
114 - Sarah Byers on Augustine's Ethics
115 - Me, Myself and I: Augustine on Mind and Memory
116 - Charles Brittain on Augustine's "On the Trinity"
117 - Born Again: Latin Platonism
118 - Fate, Hope and Clarity: Boethius
119 - John Marenbon on Boethius
==
==
Philosophy in the Islamic World
Philosophy in the Islamic World
In these episodes Peter examines the thought of Muslim, Jewish and Christian philosophers who lived in the Islamic world, and wrote in Arabic, Hebrew and Persian, from the 9th century down to modernity. Islamic theology (kalam) is also considered. Major figures covered include al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Avicenna, al-Ghazali, Averroes, Ibn 'Arabi, Suhrawardi, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, and Mulla Sadra, but as always considerable attention is devoted to lesser-known figures and movements.
A book version of these podcasts is available from Oxford University Press.
Further Reading
For an introduction to this material see:
P. Adamson, Philosophy in the Islamic World: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: 2015).
For general bibliography see the top page of each sub-menu:
And for abundant bibliography on Islamic philosophy see:
• H. Daiber, Bibliography of Islamic Philosophy, 2 vols. (Leiden: 1999, supplement 2007).
• T.-A. Druart, Medieval Islamic Philosophy and Theology: Bibliographical Guide (at the bottom of this page).
==
120 - The Straight Path: Philosophy in the Islamic World
121 - This is a Test: the Mu'tazilites
122 - Founded in Translation: From Greek to Syriac and Arabic
123 - Philosopher of the Arabs: al-Kindī
124 - The Chosen Ones: Judaism and Philosophy
125 - Reasoned Belief: Saadia Gaon
127 - Peter E Pormann on Medicine in the Islamic World
128 - Aristotelian Society: the Baghdad School
129 - The Second Master: al-Fārābī
130 - State of Mind: al-Fārābī on Religion and Politics
131 - Deborah Black on al-Fārābī's Epistemology
132 - Eye of the Beholder: Theories of Vision
133 - Strings Attached: Music and Philosophy
134 - Balancing Acts: Arabic Ethical Literature
135 - Undercover Brothers: Philosophy in the Būyid Age
136 - Farhad Daftary on the Ismā'īlīs
137 - God Willing: the Ash'arites
138 - The Self-Made Man: Avicenna's Life and Works
139 - By the Time I Get to Phoenix: Avicenna on Existence
140 - By All Means Necessary: Avicenna on God
141 - Into Thin Air: Avicenna on the Soul
142 - Dimitri Gutas on Avicenna
143 - Special Delivery: al-Ghazālī
144 - Miracle Worker: al-Ghazālī against the Philosophers
145 - Frank Griffel on al-Ghazālī
146 - Philosophy's Reign in Spain: Andalusia
147 - Laying Down the Law: Ibn Ḥazm and Islamic Legal Theory
148 - Fantasy Island: Ibn Bājja and Ibn Ṭufayl
149 - Back to Basics: Averroes on Reason and Religion
150 - Charles Burnett and Dag N. Hasse on Arabic-Latin Translations
151 - Single Minded: Averroes on the Intellect
152 - Richard Taylor on Averroes
153 - A Matter of Taste: Ibn ʿArabī and Mysticism
154 - The Philosophy of History: Ibn Khaldūn
155 - Matter over Mind: Ibn Gabirol
156 - Sarah Pessin on Jewish Neoplatonism
157 - Choosing My Religion: Judah Hallevi
158 - Born Under a Bad Sign: Freedom and Astrology in Jewish Philosophy
159 - With All Your Heart: Ethics and Judaism
160 - The Great Eagle: Maimonides
161 - He Moves in Mysterious Ways: Maimonides on Eternity
162 - Sarah Stroumsa on Maimonides
163 - Burnt Offerings: The Maimonides Controversy
164 - Man and Superman: Gersonides and the Jewish Reaction to Averroes
165 - Neither the Time Nor the Place: Hasdai Crescas
166 - Tamar Rudavsky on Gersonides and Crescas
167 - When Bad Things Happen to Good People: Suffering in Jewish Philosophy
168 - Chariot of Fire: Kabbalah
169 - A Matter of Principles: Albo and Abravanel
170 - Gad Freudenthal on Jewish Philosophy and Science
171 - Golden Ages: The Later Eastern Traditions
172 - All Things Considered: Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī
173 - For the Sake of Argument: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī
174 - Leading Light: Suhrawardī
175 - Bright Ideas: Illuminationism
176 - A Man for all Seasons: al-Ṭūsī
177 - To Be or Not to Be: Debating Avicenna’s Metaphysics
178 - Eyes Wide Shut: Rūmī and Philosophical Sufism
179 - Mohammed Rustom on Philosophical Sufism
180 - Proof Positive: The Logical Tradition
181 - By the Book: Ibn Taymiyya
182 - Aftermath: Philosophy and Science in the Mongol Age
183 - Family Feud: Philosophy at Shiraz
184 - Robert Wisnovsky on Commentary Culture
185 - Follow the Leader: Philosophy under the Safavids
186 - To Be, Continued: Mullā Ṣadrā on Existence
187 - Return to Sender: Mullā Ṣadrā on Motion and Knowledge
188 - Sajjad Rizvi on Mullā Ṣadrā
189 - Subcontinental Drift: Philosophy in Islamic India
190 - Turkish Delights - Philosophy under the Ottomans
191 - The Young Ones: Encounters with European Thought
192 - The Stronger Sex: Women Scholars and Islam
193 - All for One and One for All: Muḥammad 'Abduh and Muḥammad Iqbāl
194 - Iran So Far: After Ṣadrā
195 - Anke von Kügelgen on Contemporary Islamic Thought
==
==
Medieval Philosophy
Medieval Philosophy
In this series of episodes, Peter examines the history of philosophy in the Latin Christian world, from the Carolingian period (the time of Charlemagne and his successors) down to 1400. The episodes are divided into three sections:
The podcast episodes will devote extensive coverage to famous names like Alcuin, Eriugena, Anselm, Peter Abelard, Hildegard of Bingen, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, Dante, William of Ockham, and John Buridan, while also looking at many less well-known figures. Among the philosophical themes on the agenda are the problem of universals, political philosophy, and arguments for the existence of God. Along the way interviews will feature numerous leading scholars of medieval intellectual history.
Peter would like to thank Catarina Dutilh Novaes, Bob Pasnau, Dominik Perler, Martin Pickavé, and Georgio Pini for advice on planning the medieval episodes.
Further Reading
Survey volumes
• J.A. Aertsen and A. Speer (eds), What is Philosophy in the Middle Ages? (Berlin: 1998).
• J. Canning, A History of Medieval Political Thought 300-1450 (London:1996).
• R. Cross, The Medieval Christian Philosophers: an Introduction (London: 2014).
• R. Cross and J.T. Paasch (eds), The Routledge Companion to Medieval Philosophy (London: 2021).
• J.E. Gracia and T. Noone, A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages (Oxford: 2003).
• E. Grant, God and Reason in the Middle Ages (Cambridge: 2001).
• D. Knowles, The Evolution of Medieval Thought (New York: 1964).
• D.C. Lindberg and M.J. Shank (eds), The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 2, Medieval Science (Cambridge: 2013).
• J. Marenbon (ed.), The Routledge History of Philosophy: The Middle Ages (London: 1998).
• J. Marenbon, Medieval Philosophy: an Historical and Philosophical Introduction (London: 2007).
• A.S. McGrade (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy (Cambridge: 2003).
• R. Pasnau (ed.), The Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy, 2 vols (Cambridge: 2010).
Stanford Encyclopedia: Medieval Philosophy
P.V. Spade's page on Medieval Logic and Philosophy, with numerous resources
Anthologies of texts
• R.N. Bosley and M.M. Tweedale (eds), Basic Issues in Medieval Philosophy (Ontario: 2006).
• A. Hyman, J. Walsh, and T. Williams (eds), Philosophy in the Middle Ages: The Christian, Islamic and Jewish Traditions (Indianapolis: 2010).
• N. Kretzmann and E. Stump (ed. and trans.) The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts. Vol. 1: Logic and the Philosophy of Language (Cambridge: 1988).
• G. Klima (ed. and trans.), Medieval Philosophy: Essential Readings with Commentary (Oxford: 2007).
• S.A. McGrade, J. Kilcullen, and M. Kempshall (ed. and trans.), The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts. Vol. 2: Ethics and Political Philosophy (Cambridge: 2001).
• R. Pasnau (ed. and trans.) The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts. Vol. 3: Mind and Knowledge (Cambridge: 2002).
• A.B. Schoedinger (ed.) Readings in Medieval Philosophy (New York: 1996).
==
196. Arts of Darkness: Introduction to Medieval Philosophy
197. Charles in Charge: The Carolingian Renaissance
198. Grace Notes: Eriugena and the Predestination Controversy
199. Much Ado About Nothing: Eriugena's Periphyseon
200. Jill Kraye and John Marenbon on Medieval Philosophy
201. Stephen Gersh on Medieval Platonism
202. Philosophers Anonymous: the Roots of Scholasticism
203. Virgin Territory: Peter Damian on Changing the Past
204. A Canterbury Tale: Anselm's Life and Works
205. Somebody's Perfect: Anselm's Ontological Argument
207. All or Nothing: The Problem of Universals
208. Get Thee to a Nunnery: Heloise and Abelard
209. It’s the Thought that Counts: Abelard’s Ethics
210. John Marenbon on Peter Abelard
211. Learn Everything: the Victorines
212. Like Father, Like Son: Debating the Trinity
213. On the Shoulders of Giants: Philosophy at Chartres
214. The Good Book: Philosophy of Nature
215. Medieval History Podcasters
216. One of a Kind: Gilbert of Poitiers on Individuation
217. Andrew Arlig on Parts and Wholes
218. Two Swords: Early Medieval Political Philosophy
219. Law and Order: Gratian and Peter Lombard
220. Caroline Humfress on the Roots of Medieval Law
221. Leading Light: Hildegard of Bingen
222. Rediscovery Channel: Translations into Latin
223. Straw Men: The Rise of the Universities
224. Kent Emery on Institutions of Learning
225. No Uncertain Terms: Thirteenth Century Logic
226. Full of Potential: Thirteenth Century Physics
227. Stayin’ Alive: Thirteenth Century Psychology
228. It's All Good: The Transcendentals
229. Do the Right Thing: Thirteenth Century Ethics
230. A Light That Never Goes Out: Robert Grosseteste
231. Origin of Species: Roger Bacon
233. Stairway to Heaven: Bonaventure
234. Your Attention Please: Peter Olivi
235. Juhana Toivanen on Animals in Medieval Philosophy
236. None for Me, Thanks: Franciscan Poverty
237. Begin the Beguine: Hadewijch and Mechthild of Magdeburg
238. Binding Arbitration: Robert Kilwardby
239. Catarina Dutilh Novaes on Medieval Logic
240. Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Albert the Great’s Natural Philosophy
241. The Shadow Knows: Albert the Great's Metaphysics
242. Therese Cory on Self-Awareness in Albert and Aquinas
243. The Ox Heard Round the World: Thomas Aquinas
244. Everybody Needs Some Body: Aquinas on Soul and Knowledge
245. What Comes Naturally: Ethics in Albert and Aquinas
246. What Pleases the Prince: The Rule of Law
247. Onward, Christian Soldiers: Just War Theory
248. Scott MacDonald on Aquinas
249. Paris When it Sizzles: the Condemnations
251. Masters of the University: "Latin Averroism"
252. Neverending Story: the Eternity of the World
253. Let Me Count the Ways: Speculative Grammar
254. Love, Reign Over Me: The Romance of the Rose
255. Andreas Speer on Medieval Aesthetics
256. Frequently Asked Questions: Henry of Ghent
257. Martin Pickavé on Henry of Ghent and Freedom
258. Here Comes the Son: The Trinity and the Eucharist
259. Richard Cross on Philosophy and the Trinity
260. Once and for All: Scotus on Being
261. To Will or Not to Will: Scotus on Freedom
262. On Command: Scotus on Ethics
263. One in a Million: Scotus on Universals and Individuals
264. Giorgio Pini on Scotus on Knowledge
265. Time of the Signs: the Fourteenth Century
267. After Virtue: Marguerite Porete
268. To Hell and Back: Dante Alighieri
269. Our Power is Real: the Clash of Church and State
270. Render unto Caesar: Marsilius of Padua
271. Do As You’re Told: Ockham on Ethics and Political Philosophy
272. A Close Shave: Ockham’s Nominalism
273. What Do You Think? Ockham on Mental Language
274. Susan Brower-Toland on Ockham's Philosophy of Mind
275. Keeping it Real: Responses to Ockham
276. Back to the Future: Foreknowledge and Predestination
277. Trivial Pursuits: Fourteenth Century Logic
278. Sara Uckelman on Obligations
279. Quadrivial Pursuits: the Oxford Calculators
280. Get to the Point: Fourteenth Century Physics
281. Monica Green on Medieval Medicine
282. Portrait of the Artist: John Buridan
283. Jack Zupko on John Buridan
284. Seeing is Believing: Nicholas of Autrecourt’s Skeptical Challenge
285. Dominik Perler on Medieval Skepticism
286. On the Money: Medieval Economic Theory
287. Down to the Ground: Meister Eckhart
288. Men in Black: the German Dominicans
289. A Wing and a Prayer: Angels in Medieval Philosophy
290. Martin Pickavé on Emotions in Medieval Philosophy
291. Alle Maner of Thyng Shall be Welle: English Mysticism
292. Say it With Poetry: Chaucer and Langland
293. The Good Wife: Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages
294. Isabel Davis on Sexuality and Marriage in Chaucer
295. The Most Christian Doctor: Jean Gerson
296. Morning Star of the Reformation: John Wyclif
297. The Prague Spring: Scholasticism Across Europe
298. Renaissance Men: Ramon Llull and Petrarch
299. Robert Pasnau on Substance in Scholasticism
300a. The Relevance of Ancient Philosophy Today
300b. The Relevance of Medieval Philosophy Today
==
==
Byzantine Philosophy
Byzantine Philosophy
In this series we tackle the third of three parallel traditions which unfolded in the "medieval" period: philosophy in the Christian East. The main focus is on philosophy in Greek, produced above all in the capital of the Byzantine empire, Constantinople. We look at efforts to preserve and expound the Hellenic intellectual inheritance, and the debates that ensued as some thinkers were deemed to embrace pagan learning too eagerly. We also explore the philosophical interest of other aspects of Byzantine life like iconoclasm, religious movements such as Hesychasm, political theories, history writing, and women in positions of power. Attention is however also paid to other realms of Eastern Christianity, with traditions of writing in Syriac, Armenian, and Georgian. This series also features interviews with Katerina Ierodiakonou, Andrew Louth, Dominic O'Meara, Oliver Primavesi, and Michele Trizio.
Further Reading
• L.G. Benakis, Byzantine Philosophy: An Introductory Approach (Saarbrücken: 2017).
• B. Bydén and K. Ierodiakonou, “Greek philosophy”, in J. Marenbon (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Philosophy (Oxford: 2012), 29–57.
• B. Bydén and K. Ierodiakonou (eds), The Many Faces of Byzantine Philosophy (Athens: 2012).
• M. Cacouros and M.-H. Congourdeau (eds), Philosophies et Sciences à Byzance de 1204 à 1453 (Leuven: 2006).
• L. James (ed.), A Companion to Byzantium, ed. Liz James (Chichester: 2010).
• E. Jeffreys et al. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (Oxford: 2008).
• A. Kaldellis and N. Siniossoglou (eds), The Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium (Cambridge: 2017).
• A.P. Kazdan (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (New York: 1991).
• S. Lazaris, A Companion to Byzantine Science (Leiden: 2020).
• F. Lauritzen and S. Klitenic Wear (eds), The Byzantine Platonists: 284-1453 (Washington DC: 2021).
• K. Ierodiakonou (ed.), Byzantine Philosophy and Its Ancient Sources (Oxford: 2002).
• K. Ierodiakonou and D. O’Meara “Byzantine philosophy,” in E. Jeffreys et al. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (Oxford: 2008), 711–20.
• G. Kapriev, Philosophie in Byzanz (Würzburg: 2005).
• M. Knežvić (ed.), The Ways of Byzantine Philosophy (Alhambra CA: 2015).
• B. Tatakis, Byzantine Philosophy, trans. N.J. Moutafakis (Indianapolis: 2003).
• A. Rigo (ed.), Byzantine Theology and its Philosophical Background (Turnhout: 2011).
• K. Viglas, "A Historical Outline of Byzantine Philosophy and its Basic Subjects," Res Cogitans (2006), 73-105.
• N. Wilson, Scholars of Byzantium (London: 1983).
Online bibliography at Fordham.
Stanford Encyclopedia: Byzantine Philosophy
International Network for Byzantine Philosophy, an online forum for work by experts in the field.
"Webography" on Byzantine Philosophy with links to internet resources
==
==
301. The Empire Strikes Back: Introduction to Byzantine Philosophy
302. On the Eastern Front: Philosophy in Syriac and Armenian
303. Don’t Picture This: Iconoclasm
304. Behind Enemy Lines: John of Damascus
305. Andrew Louth on John of Damascus
306. Collectors’ Items: Photius and Byzantine Compilations
307. Consul of the Philosophers: Michael Psellos
308. Dominic O'Meara on Michael Psellos
309. Hooked on Classics: Italos and the Debate over Pagan Learning
310. Purple Prose: Byzantine Political Philosophy
311. The Elements of Style: Rhetoric in Byzantium
312. Past Masters: Byzantine Historiography
313. Queen of the Sciences: Anna Komnene and her Circle
314. Katerina Ierodiakonou on Byzantine Commentaries
315. Wiser Than Men: Gender in Byzantium
316. Just Measures: Law, Money, and War in Byzantium
317. Made by Hand: Byzantine Manuscripts
318. Oliver Primavesi on Greek Manuscripts
319. Georgia on My Mind: Petritsi and the Proclus Revival
320. People of the South: Byzantium and Islam
321. Judith Herrin on Byzantium and Islam
322. Do the Math: Science in the Palaiologan Renaissance
323. Through His Works You Shall Know Him: Palamas and Hesychasm
324. United We Fall: Latin Philosophy in Byzantium
325. Platonic Love: Gemistos Plethon
326. Istanbul (Not Constantinople): the Later Orthodox Tradition
327. Michele Trizio on Byzantine and Latin Medieval Philosophy
==
==
Renaissance and Reformation
Renaissance and Reformation
Across no fewer than five "seasons," Peter covers the thought of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This takes in the period usually referred to as the Renaissance while also looking at the great upheavals in European intellectual life caused by the Reformation. The coverage is divided geographically, moving from Renaissance Italy (which continues seamlessly from the story of Byzantine philosophy, as Greek scholars come to Italy and help to kickstart the humanist movement) to central Europe. There, we look at the emergence of the northern Renaissance with humanists like Erasmus and, of course, reformers including Luther and Calvin. The persistence of scholastic philosophy, well past the medieval age with which it is most strongly associated, is also emphasized. From there, we take a tour of France and Britain, following the same basic pattern of covering the rivalry between humanism and scholasticism, alongside the challenge of the Reformation. Finally, we return to southern Europe for a look at the so-called "counter-Reformation": especially important here is scholastic thought in Spain and Portugal.
Prevalent philosophical themes in these series include the free will debate, skepticism, religious and political tolerance, the increasing influence of Hellenistic philosophy in ethics, theories of soul and intellect, and the dialogue between science and philosophy. Literature is also covered as a reflection of philosophical ideas, with attention paid to such figures as Rabelais, Shakespeare, and Cervantes. The role of women is emphasized, with coverage of (among others) Christine de Pizan, women Italian humanists, Marguerite de Navarre, Marie de Gournay, Margery Kempe, and Teresa of Avila.
As always, the podcast offers a mix of scripted episodes and occasional interviews with leading scholars of philosophy in this period.
Italian Renaissance Philosophy
Renaissance and Reformation in Central Europe
Renaissance and Reformation in France
Renaissance and Reformation in Britain
Further Reading
• D. Bagchi and D.C. Steinmetz (eds), The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology (Cambridge: 2004).
• P.R. Blum, Philosophers of the Renaissance (Washington DC: 2010).
• E. Cameron, The European Reformation (Oxford: 1991).
• P. Collinson, The Reformation (London: 2003).
• B. Copenhaver and C.B. Schmitt, Renaissance Philosophy (Oxford: 1992)
• C.M.N. Eire, Reformations: The Early Modern World, 1450-1650 (New Haven: 2016).
• A. Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Tradition of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge MA: 1991).
• É. Gilson, Humanisme et Renaissance (Paris: 1983).
• P.F. Grendler (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Renaissance, 6 vols (New York: 1999).
• J. Haskins (ed.), Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Philosophy (Cambridge: 2007).
• H. Hillerbrand (ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, 4 vols (Oxford: 1996).
• J. Kraye (ed.), Cambridge Translations of Renaissance Philosophical Texts, 2 vols (Cambridge: 1997).
• H. Lagerlund (ed.), Routledge Companion to Sixteenth Century Philosophy (London: 2017).
• C. Lindberg, The European Reformations (Oxford: 1996).
• D. MacCulloch, The Reformation (New York: 2004).
• P. Marshall, The Reformation: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: 2009).
• A.E. McGrath, Reformation Thought: An Introduction (Oxford: 1988).
• C.G. Nauert, Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe (Cambridge: 2006).
• H. Oberman, The Reformation: Roots and Ramifications (London: 2004).
• J.H. Overfeld, Protestantism: the Birth of a Revolution (New York: 1992).
• S.E. Ozment, The Age of Reform 1250-1550 (New Haven: 1973).
• R. Po-chia Hsia (ed.), A Companion to the Reformation World (Malden: 2004).
• R. Po-chia Hsia (ed.), (ed.), Cambridge History of Christianity, vol.6: Reform and Expansion 1500-1660 (Cambridge: 2007).
• R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Renaissance in National Context (Cambridge: 1992).
• B. M. Reardon, Religious Thought in the Reformation (London: 1995).
• G. Remer, Humanism and the Rhetoric of Toleration (University Park: 1996).
• U. Rublack, Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations (New York: 2017).
• E. Rummel, The Humanist-Scholastic Debate in the Renaissance and Reformation (Cambridge: 1998).
• Q. Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, Volume 2: The Age of Reformation (Cambridge: 1978).
• L.W. Spitz, The Protestant Reformation 1517-1559 (New York: 1986).
• J.D. Tracy, Europe’s Reformations 1450-1650 (Oxford: 1999).
• C.B. Schmitt and Q. Skinner (eds), Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy (Cambridge: 1988).
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Italian Renaissance Philosophy
Italian Renaissance Philosophy
In these episodes we explore the philosophical riches of the Italian Renaissance, which for the purposes of the podcast will be considered to refer to the 15th and 16th centuries. (Figures of the northern Renaissance, such as Erasmus, are covered in the following "seasons".) During this period we see the rise of humanism with its attention to Latin and Greek language and recovery of such ancient philosophical schools as Epicureanism and Skepticism. Under the influence of visitors from the Greek East, scholars like Marsilio Ficino and Nicholas of Cusa are inspired to revive Platonism, yet traditions of scholastic philosophy also continue with Aristotle and Averroes influencing such thinkers as Pomponazzi and Nifo. It is also a time of great achievement in political philosophy, especially with the thought of Machiavelli, and of explorations in science and alchemy, astronomy and astrology: Cardano, Tycho Brahe, Bruno, and Galileo are just a few of the thinkers we will discuss under this heading. Also in focus will be Jewish philosophers like del Medigo and Abravanel, and women philosophers including Christine de Pizan. And as always the podcast will look at philosophical aspects of other cultural developments, like Renaissance art, history writing, and legal theory. Interview guests include Brian Copenhaver, Sabrina Ebbersmeyer, Guido Giglioni, Dag N. Hasse, Cecilia Muratori, Jill Kraye, David Lines, Ingrid Rowland, Denis Robichaud, and Quentin Skinner.
Further Reading
• R. Black, Humanism and Education in Medieval and Renaissance Italy (Cambridge: 2001).
• C.S. Celenza, The Lost Italian Renaissance: Humanists, Historians, and Latin’s Legacy (Baltimore: 2004).
• P. Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton: 1998).
• E. Garin, Storia della filosofia italiana, 3 vols (Turin: 1966).
• J. Kraye, "The Philosophy of the Italian Renaissance," in G.H.R. Parkinson (ed.), The Renaissance and Seventeenth-Century Rationalism (London: 1993), 1-64.
• P.O. Kristeller, Eight Philosophers of the Italian Renaissance (Stanford: 1964).
• J.M. Najemy, Italy in the Age of the Renaissance (Oxford: 2004).
• J. Monfasani, Language and Learning in Renaissance Italy (Aldershot: 1994).
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328. Old News: Introduction to the Italian Renaissance
329. Greeks Bearing Gifts: Byzantine Scholars in Italy
330. Republic of Letters: Italian Humanism
331. Literary Criticism: Lorenzo Valla
333. Difficult to Be Good: Humanist Ethics
334. Chance Encounters: Reviving Hellenistic Philosophy
335. Sabrina Ebbersmeyer on Emotions in Renaissance Philosophy
336. We Built This City: Christine de Pizan
337. More Rare Than the Phoenix: Italian Women Humanists
338. All About Eve: the Defense of Women
339. I’d Like to Thank the Academy: Florentine Platonism
340. Footnotes to Plato: Marsilio Ficino
341. True Romance: Theories of Love
342. Denis Robichaud on Plato in the Renaissance
343. As Far as East from West: Jewish Philosophy in Renaissance Italy
344. The Count of Concord: Pico della Mirandola
345. What a Piece of Work is Man: Manetti and Pico on Human Nature
346. Cecilia Muratori on Animals in the Renaissance
347. Bonfire of the Vanities: Savonarola
348. The Sweet Restraints of Liberty: Republicanism and Civic Humanism
349. No More Mr Nice Guy: Machiavelli
350. The Sentence: Machiavelli on Republicanism
351. Quentin Skinner on Machiavelli
352. The Teacher of Our Actions: Renaissance Historiography
353. The Good Place: Utopias in the Italian Renaissance
354. Greed is Good: Economics in the Italian Renaissance
355. Town and Gown: Italian Universities
356. I’d Like to Thank the Lyceum: Aristotle in Renaissance Italy
357. David Lines on Aristotle's Ethics in the Renaissance
358. Of Two Minds: Pomponazzi and Nifo on the Intellect
359. There and Back Again: Zabarella on Scientific Method
360. Dag N. Hasse on Arabic Learning in the Renaissance
361. The Measure of All Things: Renaissance Mathematics and Art
362. Just What the Doctor Ordered: Renaissance Medicine
363. Man of Discoveries: Girolamo Cardano
364. Guido Giglioni on Renaissance Medicine
365. Spirits in the Material World: Telesio and Campanella on Nature
366. The Men Who Saw Tomorrow: Renaissance Magic and Astrology
367. Brian Copenhaver on Renaissance Magic
368. Boundless Enthusiasm: Giordano Bruno
369. The Harder They Fall: Galileo and the Renaissance
370. Ingrid Rowland on Rome in the Renaissance
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Renaissance and Reformation in Central Europe
Renaissance and Reformation in Central Europe
We continue our coverage of philosophy in the 15th and 16th centuries, looking beyond the Italian Renaissance to explore the Northern Renaissance and the shattering events of the Reformation, which radically changed political and cultural life in Europe, including for philosophers. In this first batch of episodes we look at the Low Countries and Germany, with occasional forays further East (including, at one point, Croatia!). We examine the phenomenon of northern humanism, with special attention to Erasmus and Nicholas of Cusa, and the way that humanism fed into the thought of Reformation figures like Luther, Melanchthon, and Calvin. Another major theme in this season is the political impact of the Reformation, including the peasants' revolt and debates over religious tolerance. Lipsius' revival of Stoicism can also be understood, in part, as a reaction to the religious upheaval and violence in his native land. Finally, we look at numerous topics in science, especially Paracelsus' new chemical and medical theories and the sequence of innovators in astronomy that concludes the season: Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler.
Along the way we're joined by several wonderful interview guests: Paul Blum, Lorraine Daston, Helen Hattab, Lyndal Roper, and John Sellars.
Further Reading
• K.G. Appold and N. Minnich (eds), The Cambridge History of Reformation Era Theology (Cambridge: 2023).
• J. Bossy, Christianity in the West: 1400-1700 (Oxford: 1985).
• M.A. Gillespie, The Theological Origins of Modernity (Chicago: 2008).
• C. Kooi, Reformation in the Low Countries, 1500-1620 (Cambridge: 2022).
• C. Lindberg, The Reformation Theologians: An Introduction to the Theology of the Early Modern Period (Oxford: 2002).
• M. Massing, Fatal Discord: Erasmus, Luther, and the Fight for the Western Mind (New York: 2018).
• H.A. Oberman, Harvest of Medieval Theology: Gabriel Biel and Late Medieval Nominalism (Cambridge MA: 1963).
• J.H. Overfeld, Humanism and Scholasticism in Late Medieval Germany (Princeton: 1984).
• J.H. Overfeld, Protestantism: the Birth of a Revolution (New York: 1992).
• G. Remer, Humanism and the Rhetoric of Toleration (University Park: 1996).
• E. Rummel, The Humanist-Scholastic Debate in the Renaissance and Reformation (Cambridge MA: 1995).
• L.W. Spitz, The Protestant Reformation 1517-1559 (New York: 1986).
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371. European Disunion: Introduction to the Reformation
372. Strong, Silent Type: the Printing Press
373. Lords of Language: Northern Humanism
374. Opposites Attract: Nicholas of Cusa
375. Paul Richard Blum on Nicholas of Cusa
376. Books That Last Forever: Erasmus
377. One Way or Another: Northern Scholasticism
378. Faith, No More: Martin Luther
380. Take Your Choice: Erasmus vs Luther on Free Will
381. More Lutheran than Luther: Philip Melanchthon
382. No Lord but God: the Peasants’ War and Radical Reformation
383. Slowly But Surely: Huldrych Zwingli
384. We Are Not Our Own: John Calvin
385. I Too Can Ask Questions: Protestant Scholasticism
386. Perhaps Not Wrong: Cornelius Agrippa
387. Helen Hattab on Protestant Philosophy
388. Just Add Salt: Paracelsus and Alchemy
389. The Acid Test: Theories of Matter
390. Born to Be Contrary: Toleration in the Netherlands
391. Everything is Mine and Nothing: Lipsius and the Revival of Stoicism
392. John Sellars on Lipsius and Early Modern Stoicism
393. The World Doesn’t Revolve Around You: Copernicus
394. Best of Both Worlds: Tycho Brahe
395. Music of the Spheres: Johannes Kepler
396. Lorraine Daston on Renaissance Science
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Renaissance and Reformation in France
Renaissance and Reformation in France
In this third season on philosophy in the 15-16th centuries, we turn to France, beginning with the blossoming of humanism under King Francis I, and involving among others his sister Marguerite de Navarre and authors who won her favor, including Rabelais, the author of the outrageously satirical Pantagruel. In these figures we see the stirrings of sympathy for the Reformation, which erupts into full confrontation with the Huguenots: their stance provokes questions about the ethics of resistance to political tyranny. In the meantime, in the orbit of the universities medicine and other sciences are pursued, and a new approach to organizing knowledge is proposed by Peter Ramus and his students. We will also look at Montaigne and his adoptive daughter Marie de Gourney, one of several to contribute to the long-running question of gender equality. The season ends with a look at skepticism (probably).
Look out for interviews with Rosa Antognazza, Ann Blair, Robert Goulding, and Henrik Lagerlund!
Further Reading
• P. Benedict et al. (eds), Reformation, Revolt and Civil War in France and the Netherlands, 1555–1585 (Amsterdam: 1999).
• D.M. Clarke, French Philosophy, 1572-1675 (Oxford: 2016).
• N.Z. Davis, Society and Culture in Early Modern France: Eight Essays (Stanford: 1975).
• J. Farge, Orthodoxy and Reform in Early Reformation France (Leiden: 1985).
• J. Garrison, A History of Sixteenth-Century France, 1483-1598: Renaissance, Reformation and Rebellion (1995).
• M.P. Holt, Renaissance and Reformation France (Oxford: 2002).
• A.H.T. Levi (ed.), Humanism in France at the End of the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance (New York: 1970).
• J.H.M. Salmon, Society in Crisis: France in the Sixteenth Century (New York: 1975).
• F. Simone, The French Renaissance, trans. H.G. Hall (London: 1969).
• D. Stone Jr, France in the Sixteenth Century: A Medieval Society Transformed (Englewood Cliffs: 1969).
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397. Do As the Romans Did: French Humanism
398. Pearls of Wisdom: Marguerite of Navarre
399. Seriously Funny: Rabelais
401. Word Perfect: Logic and Language in Renaissance France
402. Life is Not Enough: Medicine in Renaissance France
403. Make It Simple: Peter Ramus
404. Robert Goulding on Peter Ramus
405. Divide and Conquer: the Spread of Ramism
406. Believe at Your Own Risk: Toleration in France
407. Maria Rosa Antognazza on Early Modern Toleration
408. Constitutional Conventions: the Huguenots
409. One to Rule Them All: Jean Bodin
410. Ann Blair on Jean Bodin's Natural Philosophy
411. Pen Pals: Later French Humanism
412. Not Matter, But Me: Michel de Montaigne
413. Don’t Be So Sure: French Skepticism
414. Henrik Lagerlund on Renaissance Skepticism
415. The Tenth Muse: Marie de Gournay
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Renaissance and Reformation in Britain
Renaissance and Reformation in Britain
Under the Tudor monarchs Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, the Reformation was introduced in England; Protestantism also spread to Scotland by the end of the 16th century. In these episodes we examine the intertwined development of religious, philosophical, and scientific ideas in Britain during this period (with an occasional look back to thinkers of the 15th century who paved the way). A highlight of this series is the group of episodes centered on the plays of Shakespeare, with forays into broader related issues like witchcraft and individualism, using Macbeth and Hamlet as a way into these topics. Scholasticism continues to be important in our story too, as we cover this phenomenon from John Mair in the late 15th century, to John Case in the late 16th century. We also look at British humanists like Thomas More, author of the famous Utopia, George Buchanan, and Andrew Melville, and scientists like William Gilbert, John Dee, and the members of the Northumberland Circle (especially Thomas Harriot). As always, women are highlighted too, with an episode on Margery Kempe, Anne Locke, and other female authors of devotional literature. We're joined as always by expert interview guests too, including Diarmaid MacCulloch, Patrick Gray, Calvin Normore, and Jennifer Rampling!
Further Reading
• A.G. Dickens, The English Reformation (London: 1964).
• E. Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars (New Haven: 1992).
• G.R. Elton, Reform and Reformation 1509-1558 (London: 1977).
• Christopher Haigh, English Reformations (Oxford: 1993).
• W.P. Haugaard, Elizabeth and the English Reformation (Cambridge: 1968).
• W.I.P. Hazlett, The Reformation in Britain and Ireland (London: 2003).
• W.K. Jordan, The Development of Religious Toleration in England, 4 vols. (Cambridge MA: 1932-40).
• D. MacCullough, The Later Reformation in England 1547-1603 (New York: 1990).
• D. MacCulloch, Tudor Church Militant (London: 1999).
• P. Marshall, Reformation England 1480-1642 (London: 2012).
• P. Marshall, Heretics and Believers: a History of the English Reformation (New Haven: 2017).
• J.J. Scarisbrick, The Reformation and the English People (Oxford:1982).
• N. Tyacke (ed.), England’s Long Reformation 1500-1800 (London: 1998).
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Under the Tudor monarchs Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, the Reformation was introduced in England; Protestantism also spread to Scotland by the end of the 16th century. In these episodes we examine the intertwined development of religious, philosophical, and scientific ideas in Britain during this period (with an occasional look back to thinkers of the 15th century who paved the way). A highlight of this series is the group of episodes centered on the plays of Shakespeare, with forays into broader related issues like witchcraft and individualism, using Macbeth and Hamlet as a way into these topics. Scholasticism continues to be important in our story too, as we cover this phenomenon from John Mair in the late 15th century, to John Case in the late 16th century. We also look at British humanists like Thomas More, author of the famous Utopia, George Buchanan, and Andrew Melville, and scientists like William Gilbert, John Dee, and the members of the Northumberland Circle (especially Thomas Harriot). As always, women are highlighted too, with an episode on Margery Kempe, Anne Locke, and other female authors of devotional literature. We're joined as always by expert interview guests too, including Diarmaid MacCulloch, Patrick Gray, Calvin Normore, and Jennifer Rampling!
Further Reading
• A.G. Dickens, The English Reformation (London: 1964).
• E. Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars (New Haven: 1992).
• G.R. Elton, Reform and Reformation 1509-1558 (London: 1977).
• Christopher Haigh, English Reformations (Oxford: 1993).
• W.P. Haugaard, Elizabeth and the English Reformation (Cambridge: 1968).
• W.I.P. Hazlett, The Reformation in Britain and Ireland (London: 2003).
• W.K. Jordan, The Development of Religious Toleration in England, 4 vols. (Cambridge MA: 1932-40).
• D. MacCullough, The Later Reformation in England 1547-1603 (New York: 1990).
• D. MacCulloch, Tudor Church Militant (London: 1999).
• P. Marshall, Reformation England 1480-1642 (London: 2012).
• P. Marshall, Heretics and Believers: a History of the English Reformation (New Haven: 2017).
• J.J. Scarisbrick, The Reformation and the English People (Oxford:1982).
• N. Tyacke (ed.), England’s Long Reformation 1500-1800 (London: 1998).
416. God’s is the Quarrel: the English Reformation
417. To Kill a King: The Scottish Reformation
418. Diarmaid MacCulloch on the British Reformations
419. Write Till Your Ink Be Dry: Humanism in Britain
420. No Place Will Please Me So: Thomas More
421. With Such Perfection Govern: English Political Thought
422. The World’s Law: Richard Hooker
423. Heaven-Bred Poesy: Philip Sidney and Edmund Spenser
424. Hast Any Philosophy In Thee? William Shakespeare
425. Patrick Gray on Shakespeare
426. A Face Without a Heart: Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Individualism
427. Brave New World: Shakespeare’s Tempest and Colonialism
428. Weird Sisters: Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Witchcraft
429. She Uttereth Piercing Eloquence: Women’s Spiritual Literature
430. I’ll Teach You Differences: British Scholasticism
431. Calvin Normore on Scholasticism
432. If This Be Magic, Let It Be an Art: John Dee
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The Catholic Reformation
The Catholic Reformation
In this final series covering the 15-16th centuries, we turn our attention to philosophy shaped by the Catholic response to the Reformation, often called the "Counter-Reformation." We'll mostly find ourselves in Spain and Portugal, considering developments within scholastic philosophy from authors like Suárez, Molina, and the Coimbran commentators. Topics here will include the theory of natural law, the concept of "middle knowledge," and innovations in metaphysics. We'll also have a broader look at Thomism across Europe, touching on figures like Cajetan. Other topics connected to the Iberian peninsula will include the Inquisition, the Valladoid debate over colonialism, Spanish humanism and mysticism, and literature and art, with episodes on Cervantes and Velázquez. We'll finish off the whole era by returning to Italy and considering Galileo again, as a transition to the 17th century. This series will feature interviews with guests including Andrés Messmer, Tom Pink, Eileen Reeves, Anna Tropia, and Scott Williams.
Further Reading
• R. Bireley, The Refashioning of Catholicism 1450-1700 (Basingstoke: 1999).
• J. Cowans, Early Modern Spain: a Documentary History (Philadelphia: 2003).
• J. Delumeau, Catholicism between Luther and Voltaire: A New View of the Counter- Reformation, trans. J. Moiser (London: 1977).
• L.A. Homza, Religious Authority in the Spanish Renaissance (Baltimore: 2000).
• H. Kallendorf (ed.), A Companion to the Spanish Renaissance (Leiden: 2019).
• T.F. Mayer (ed.), Reforming Reformation (London: 2012).
• M. Mullet, The Catholic Reformation (London: 1999).
• R. Po-chia Hsia, The World of Catholic Renewal, 1540–1770 (Cambridge: 1998).
• J. Tellkamp (ed.), Companion to Early Modern Spanish Imperial Political and Social Thought (Leiden: 2020).
• A.D. Wright, The Counter-Reformation: Catholic Europe and the Non-Christian World (London: 2017).
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In this final series covering the 15-16th centuries, we turn our attention to philosophy shaped by the Catholic response to the Reformation, often called the "Counter-Reformation." We'll mostly find ourselves in Spain and Portugal, considering developments within scholastic philosophy from authors like Suárez, Molina, and the Coimbran commentators. Topics here will include the theory of natural law, the concept of "middle knowledge," and innovations in metaphysics. We'll also have a broader look at Thomism across Europe, touching on figures like Cajetan. Other topics connected to the Iberian peninsula will include the Inquisition, the Valladoid debate over colonialism, Spanish humanism and mysticism, and literature and art, with episodes on Cervantes and Velázquez. We'll finish off the whole era by returning to Italy and considering Galileo again, as a transition to the 17th century. This series will feature interviews with guests including Andrés Messmer, Tom Pink, Eileen Reeves, Anna Tropia, and Scott Williams.
Further Reading
• R. Bireley, The Refashioning of Catholicism 1450-1700 (Basingstoke: 1999).
• J. Cowans, Early Modern Spain: a Documentary History (Philadelphia: 2003).
• J. Delumeau, Catholicism between Luther and Voltaire: A New View of the Counter- Reformation, trans. J. Moiser (London: 1977).
• L.A. Homza, Religious Authority in the Spanish Renaissance (Baltimore: 2000).
• H. Kallendorf (ed.), A Companion to the Spanish Renaissance (Leiden: 2019).
• T.F. Mayer (ed.), Reforming Reformation (London: 2012).
• M. Mullet, The Catholic Reformation (London: 1999).
• R. Po-chia Hsia, The World of Catholic Renewal, 1540–1770 (Cambridge: 1998).
• J. Tellkamp (ed.), Companion to Early Modern Spanish Imperial Political and Social Thought (Leiden: 2020).
• A.D. Wright, The Counter-Reformation: Catholic Europe and the Non-Christian World (London: 2017).
447. Messmer on Spanish Protestants
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Classical Indian Philosophy
In this series of episodes, co-authored with Jonardon Ganeri (Professor of Philosophy at NYU, Visiting Professor at King's College London and Professorial Research Associate at SOAS - and author of numerous books and articles on Indian philosophy), Peter considers the rich philosophical tradition of India. The podcasts cover the first thousand years of the history of Indian philosophy, beginning with Vedic literature (including the Upanisads) and ending with the maturation of Buddhist and Jain thought. This timespan will be divided into three ages: the early period of the Vedas and classical Hindu epics, and the emergence of critique from the Buddhists and Jains; the Age of the Sutra, a period of increasing systematicity in which several schools of thought emerged from the brahminical tradition; and finally a look at the critiques of these schools from the Buddhist and Jain traditions.
For further reading on these three series and for episode lists see the episode lists below.
Further Reading
S.N. Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy (Cambridge: 1922-55).
V. Eltschinger and I. Ratié, Qu’est-ce que la philosophie indienne? (Paris: 2023)
E. Franco (ed.), Periodization and Historiography of Indian Philosophy (Vienna: 2013).
J. Ganeri, Philosophy in Classical India (London: 2001).
J. Ganeri (ed.), Indian Logic: a Reader (Richmond: 2000).
W. Halbfass, Tradition and Reflection: Explorations in Indian Thought (Albany: 1991).
S. Hamilton, Indian Philosophy: a Very Short Introduction (Oxford: 2001).
R. King, Indian Philosophy: an Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought (Washington DC: 1999).
D. Krishna, Indian Philosophy: A Counter-Perspective (Oxford, 1992).
B.K. Matilal, Perception: An Essay on Classical Indian Theories of Knowledge (Oxford: 1986).
B.K. Matilal, Mind, Language, and World (Delhi: 2002; reprinted 2015).
B.K. Matilal, Ethics and Epics (Delhi: 2002; reprinted 2015).
B.K. Matilal, Logical and Ethical Issues (New Delhi: 2004).
J.N. Mohanty, Reason and Tradition in Indian Thought (Oxford, 1998).
J.N. Mohanty, Classical Indian Philosophy (London: 2000).
K. Potter (ed.), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies(Princeton: 1977-).
S. Radhakrishnan and C.A. Moore, A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy (Princeton: 1957).
D. Sharma, Classical Indian Philosophy: A Reader (New York: 2011).
N. Smart, Doctrine and Argument in Indian Philosophy (London: 1964).
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: India section.
Numerous entries are also devoted to Indian philosophy on the online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
For the historical background also check out the History of India podcast.
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Origins
Origins
In this opening series of episodes on philosophy in India, Peter Adamson and Jonardon Ganeri first provide an orientation concerning the nature of philosophy in India and the historical context in which it emerged. They go on to discuss the Vedic literature, focusing especially on the Upanisads with their proposal of the unity of self and world, and the notion of karma. These ideas, and the knowledge claims of the brahmins who feature in the Upanisads, were criticized by the emerging traditions of Buddhism and Jainism. In addition to charting this conflict, these podcasts deal with philosophical ideas in ancient Indian literature, especially the epic Mahabharata. Also featured are interviews with guests Brian Black, Rupert Gethin, and Jessica Frazier.
Further Reading
F. Edgerton, The Beginnings of Indian Philosophy: Selections from the Rg Veda, Atharva Veda, Upanisads, and Mahabharata(London: 1965).
R. Gethin, The Foundations of Buddhism (Oxford: 1998).
K.N. Jayatilleke, Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge (London: 1963).
B.K. Matilal, Epics and Ethics (Oxford: 2002).
W.D. O’Flaherty (ed.), Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions (Berkeley: 1980).
W.D. O’Flaherty (ed.), The Rig Veda: an Anthology (Harmondworth: 1981).
P. Olivelle (trans.), Upanisads (Oxford: 1996).
R. Thapar, The Penguin History of Early India from the Origins to AD 1300 (London: 2002).
R.S. Sharma, India’s Ancient Past (Oxford: 2006).
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1. Begin at the End: Introduction to Indian Philosophy
2. Sages, Schools and Systems: a Historical Overview
3. Kingdom for a Horse: India in the Vedic Period
4. Hide and Seek: The Upanisads
5. Do it Yourself: Indra’s Search for the Self in the Upaniṣads
7. Brian Black on the Upanisads
8. Case Worker: Panini's Grammar
9. Suffering and Smiling: the Buddha
10. Crossover Appeal: The Nature of the Buddha’s Teaching
11. Carry a Big Stick: Ancient Indian Political Thought
12. Rupert Gethin on Buddhism and the Self
13. Grand Illusion: Dharma and Deception in the Mahabharata
14. World on a String: The Bhagavad-Gita
15. Mostly Harmless: Non-Violence
16. Better Half: Women in Ancient India
17. Jessica Frazier on Hinduism and Philosophy
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Age of the Sutra
Age of the Sutra
The second part of our series on philosophy in India examines the "age of the sūtra." The sūtra (literally "thread") was a genre of writing in which ideas were set forth in brief, aphoristic form. Various sūtras were taken as authoritative and foundational for numerous schools of Indian thought, which devoted further commentaries to the sūtras. Historically, these episodes cover the period in which most of the sūtras and initial commentaries were written, that is, approximately the first several centuries CE (though some sūtras are older, and the commentaries were written over many centuries). At this time, we see numerous intellectual traditions emerge: Sāṃkhya, Yoga, Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Mīmāṃsā, Vedānta, and Cārvāka. These episodes cover the main developments and disputes found in the sūtras and commentaries, with a focus on such issues as the self and mind's relation to the material world, philosophy of language, the efficacy of ritual, and the sources of human knowledge. Look out for interviews with experts on this period, including Monima Chadha, Francis Clooney, Elisa Freschi, V.N. and Ujjwala Jah, and Philipp Maas.
Further Reading
In addition to the general reading list recommended here, see also:
C. Bartley. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy (London: 2011).
J. Bronkhorst, Language and Reality: on an Episode in Indian Thought, trans. M.S. Allen and R. Raghunathan (Leiden: 2011).
M. Dasti, "Six Systems/Darśanas" (Oxford Bibliographies).
W. Edelglass and J. Garfield (eds), The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy (Oxford: 2011), the Section on Non-Buddhist Indian Philosophy.
J. Ganeri, The Concealed Art of the Soul: Theories of Self and Practices of Truth in Indian Ethics and Epistemology (Oxford: 2007).
J. Gonda (ed.), A History of Indian Literature (Wiesbaden: 1975-): includes numerous volumes on philosophical schools.
D. Krishna (ed.), Discussion and Debate in Indian Philosophy: Issues in Vedanta, Mimamsa and Nyaya (New Delhi: 2004).
K.H. Potter (ed.), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies (Princeton: 1977-).
Entries on “Sāṃkhya,” “Yoga Sutras”, “Nyāya”, and “Advaita Vedānta” in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Numerous relevant entries on the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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18. A Tangled Web: the Age of the Sutra
19. When in Doubt: the Rise of Skepticism
20. Master of Ceremonies: Jaimini’s Mimamsa-Sutra
21. Innocent Until Proven Guilty: Mimamsa on Knowledge and Language
23. Source Code: Badarayana’s Vedanta-Sutra
24. No Two Ways About It: Śaṅkara and Advaita Vedānta
25. Communication Breakdown: Bhartrihari on Language
26. Francis Clooney on Vedanta
27. The Theory of Evolution: Īśvarakṛṣṇa’s Sāṃkhya-kārikā
28. Who Wants to Live Forever? Early Ayurvedic Medicine
29. Practice Makes Perfect: Patañjali’s Yoga-Sūtra
31. Where There’s Smoke There’s Fire: Gautama’s Nyāya-Sūtra
32. What You See Is What You Get: Nyāya on Perception
33. Standard Deductions: Nyāya on Reasoning
34. The Truth Shall Set You Free: Nyāya on the Mind
35. Ujjwala Jha and V.N. Jha on Nyāya
36. Fine Grained Analysis: Kaṇāda’s Vaiśeṣika-sūtra
37. The Whole Story: Vaiśeṣika on Complexity and Causation
38. A Day in the Life: Theories of Time
39. The Wolf’s Footprint: Indian Naturalism
40. Mind out of Matter: Materialist Theories of the Self
41. Monima Chadha on Indian Philosophy of Mind
42. In Good Taste: The Aesthetics of Rasa
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Buddhists and Jains
Buddhists and Jains
In this last section of the podcasts on ancient Indian thought, we move on to consider the development of Buddhist thought, focusing on Nāgārjuna, the second century founder of Mādhyamaka Buddhism, the great Yogacārā Buddhist thinker Dignāga, and the reaction to his thought in Dharmakīrti. We also cover Jain philosophy, focusing especially on Umāsvāti. Major philosophical themes in this sub-series include epistemology, with the brilliant skeptical methods of Nāgārjuna and the perspectivism of the Jains, as well as critique of Vedic ideas about the self. Our treatment of Indian philosophy (for now at least: we may return to cover later Indian thought in a future series of episodes) will conclude with a look at cultural interchanges between Indian thought and other cultures.
Look out for interviews with Amber Carpenter, Marie-Helene Gorisse, Graham Priest, and Jan Westerhoff, with a surprise appearance by a special guest to round off the whole series.
Further Reading
In addition to the general reading list recommended here, see also:
• L.A. Babb, Understanding Jainism (Edinburgh: 2015).
• P. Balcerowicz, Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion (Delhi: 2003).
• P. Balcerowicz, Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (London: 2016).
• S.C. Berkwitz, South Asian Buddhism: a Survey (London: 2010).
• A.D. Carpenter, Indian Buddhist Philosophy (Durham: 2014).
• E. Conze, Buddhist Thought in India (Ann Arbor: 1967).
• E. Conze, Buddhism: a Short History (Oxford: 2008).
• P. Dundas, The Jains (London: 2002).
• W. Edelglass and J.L. Garfield (eds), Buddhist Philosophy: Essential Readings (Oxford: 2009).
• W. Edelglass, P.-J. Harter, and S. McClintock, The Routledge Handbook of Indian Buddhist Philosophy (London: 2022).
• P. Harvey, An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (Cambridge: 2013).
• A. Hirakawa, A History of Indian Buddhism, trans. P. Groner (Honolulu: 1990).
• P.S. Jaini, The Jaina Path of Purification (New Delhi: 1998).
• J.L. Jaini, Outlines of Jainism (Cambridge: 2013).
• B.K. Matilal, The Central Philosophy of Jainism (Ahmedabad: 1977).
• M. Siderits, Studies in Buddhist Philosophy (Oxford: 2016).
• J. Westerhoff, The Golden Age of Indian Buddhist Philosophy (Oxford: 2018).
• P. Williams and A. Tribe, Buddhist Thought: a Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition (London: 2000).
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43. We Beg to Differ: the Buddhists and Jains
44. It All Depends: Nagarjuna on Emptiness
45. Motion Denied: Nāgārjuna on Change
46. No Four Ways About It: Nāgārjuna’s Tetralemma
47. Jan Westerhoff on Nāgārjuna
48. Taking Perspective: the Jain Theory of Standpoints
49. Well Qualified: the Jains on Truth
50. Marie-Hélène Gorisse on Jain Epistemology
51. Change of Mind: Vasubandhu and Yogācāra Buddhism
52. Under Construction: Dignāga on Perception and Language
53. Follow the Evidence: Dignāga's Logic
54. Graham Priest on Logic and Buddhism
55. Doors of Perception: Dignāga on Consciousness
56. Who’s Pulling Your Strings? Buddhaghosa
58. Amber Carpenter on Animals in Indian Philosophy
59. Looking East: Indian Influence on Greek Thought
60. The Buddha and I: Indian Influence on Islamic and European Thought
61. What Happened Next: Indian Philosophy After Dignaga
62. Kit Patrick on Philosophy and Indian History
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Africana Philosophy
Africana Philosophy
This series of episodes, co-written by Chike Jeffers of Dalhousie University, examines philosophy originating from Africa and the African diaspora. Beginning with the origins of humanity in Africa and philosophical literature in ancient Egypt, the story will go up to the twentieth century and beyond. Major themes include African oral traditions, reactions to the depredations of colonialism and enslavement, political philosophy and philosophy of race developed in the twentieth century, and the emergence of Africana thought within academia.
Locating and Debating Precolonial African Philosophy
Slavery and the Creation of Diasporic Africana Philosophy
Africana Philosophy in the Twentieth Century
Further Reading
• A. Afolayan and T. Falola (eds), The Palgrave Handbook of African Philosophy (New York: 2017).
• K.A. Appiah, In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture (New York: 1992).
• M.K. Asante and A.S. Abarry (eds), African Intellectual Heritage: A Book of Sources (Philadelphia: 1996).
• R.H. Bell, Understanding African Philosophy. A Cross-Cultural Approach to Classical and Contemporary Issues in Africa (New York: 2002).
• A.B. Bogues, Black Heretics, Black Prophets: Radical Political Intellectuals (New York: 2003).
• H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, revised ed. (New Brunswick: 1992).
• P.H. Coetzee and A.P.J. Roux (eds), The African Philosophy Reader. A Text with Readings (New York: 1998).
• E. Etieyibo (ed.), Method, Substance, and the Future of African Philosophy (Cham: 2018).
• E.C. Eze (ed.), Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader (Cambridge: 1997).
• E.C. Eze (ed.), African Philosophy. An Anthology (Oxford: 1998).
• J.L. Garfield and W. Edelglass (eds), The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy (New York: 2011), part VI (edited by A. Mosley and S.C. Ferguson II).
• L.R. Gordon (ed.), Existence in Black: An Anthology of Black Existential Philosophy (New York: 1997).
• L.R. Gordon, An Introduction to Africana Philosophy (New York: 2008).
• A. Graness (ed.), African Philosophy in an Intercultural Perspective (Heidelberg: 2022).
• A. Graness, Philosophie in Afrika (Berlin: 2023).
• B. Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought (New York: 1995).
• B. Hallen, A Short History of African Philosophy (Bloomington: 2002).
• L. Harris, Philosophy Born of Struggle: Anthology of Afro-American Philosophy from 1917 (Dubuque: 1983).
• P. Henry, Caliban's Reason: Introducing Afro-Caribbean Philosophy (New York: 2000).
• F.L. Hord (Mzee Lasana Okpara) and J.S. Lee (eds), I Am Because We Are: Readings in Africana Philosophy, revised ed. (Amherst: 2016).
• S.O. Imbo, An Introduction to African Philosophy (Lanham: 1998).
• B.B. Janz, Philosophy in an African Place (Lanham: 2009).
• C. Jeffers (ed.), Listening to Ourselves: A Multilingual Anthology of African Philosophy (Albany: 2013).
• T.L. Lott (ed.), African-American Philosophy: Selected Readings (Upper Saddle River: 2002).
• T.L. Lott and J.P. Pittman (eds), A Companion to African-American Philosophy (Malden: 2003).
• D.A. Masolo, African Philosophy in Search of Identity (Bloomington: 1994).
• J. McDade (ed.), The Philosophical Forum: Special Issue: Philosophy and Black Experience 9 (Winter-Spring 1977-1978).
• C.W. Mills, Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race (Ithaca: 1998).
• J.A. Montmarquet and W.H. Hardy (eds), Reflections: An Anthology of African American Philosophy (Belmont: 2000).
• A. Mosley (ed.), African Philosophy: Selected Readings (Englewood Cliffs: 1995).
• O. Ogunnaike, Exploring Africana Philosophy (forthcoming, Equinox Press).
• L.T. Outlaw, Jr., On Race and Philosophy (New York: 1996).
• J.P. Pittman (ed.), African-American Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions (New York: 1996).
• T. Serequeberhan (ed.), African Philosophy: The Essential Readings (New York: 1991).
• T. Serequeberhan, Our Heritage: The Past in the Present of African-American and African Existence (Lanham: 2000).
• I.E. Ukpokolo (ed.), Themes, Issues and Problems in African Philosophy (Cham: 2017).
• K. Wiredu (ed.) A Companion to African Philosophy (Malden: 2004).
• G. Yancy (ed.), African-American Philosophers: 17 Conversations (New York: 1998).
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Africana Philosophy
Online bibliography on African philosophy.
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Locating and Debating Precolonial African Philosophy
Locating and Debating Precolonial African Philosophy
The first group of episodes on Africana philosophy really does begin at the very beginning, as we consider the hypothesis that philosophy is a universal human activity and was already present in prehistoric Africa. From there we move on to the philosophical texts of ancient Egypt, focusing on works of ethical instruction and dialogue, and then to precolonial philosophical texts from Ethiopia and Islamic intellectual traditions in sub-Saharan Africa. Our focus turns after that to attempts to delineate philosophical ideas in African oral traditions and the debate sparked by these attempts. What can we learn and what should we say about traditional African ideas concerning time, God, or the human person?
Look out for interviews with Souleymane Bachir Diagne, Samuel Imbo, Teodros Kiros, Kai Kresse, Nkiru Nzegwu, Richard Parkinson, and co-host Chike Jeffers!
Further Reading
• L. Apostel, African Philosophy: Myth or Reality? (Gent: 1981).
• M.K. Asante, The Egyptian Philosophers: Ancient African Voices from Imhotep to Akhenaten (Chicago: 2000).
• P.O. Bodunrin (ed.), Philosophy in Africa: Trends and Perspectives (Ife: 1995).
• L.M. Brown, African Philosophy. New and Traditional Perspectives (New York: 2004).
• G. Floistad (ed.), African Philosophy (Dordrecht: 1987).
• R. Finnegan, Oral Literature in Africa (Oxford: 1970).
• D. Forde (ed.), African Worlds: Studies in the Cosmological Ideas and Social Values of African Peoples (Oxford: 1954).
• S. Gbadegesin, African Philosophy: Traditional Yoruba Philosophy and Contemporary African Realities (New York: 1991).
• K. Gyekye, An Essay on African Philosophical Thought: The Akan Conceptual Scheme (Cambridge: 1987).
• B. Hallen, A Short History of African Philosophy (Bloomington: 2002).
• C.B. Hilliard (ed.), Intellectual Traditions of Pre-Colonial Africa (Boston: 1998).
• P.J. Hountondji, African Philosophy: Myth and Reality (London: 1983).
• S.O. Imbo, An Introduction to African Philosophy (Lanham: 1998).
• J. Jahn, Muntu: African Culture and the Western World, trans. M. Grene (New York: 1961).
• B.B. Janz, Philosophy in an African Place (Lanham: 2009).
• C. Jeffers (ed.), Listening to Ourselves: A Multilingual Anthology of African Philosophy (Albany: 2013).
• M. Kebede, Africa's Quest for a Philosophy of Decolonization (Amsterdam: 2004).
• S. Kwame (ed.), Readings in African Philosophy: An Akan Collection (Lanham: 1995).
• D.A. Masolo, African Philosophy in Search of Identity (Bloomington: 1994).
• J.S. Mbiti, African Religions and Philosophy (London: 1969).
• D.A. Masolo and I. Carp (eds), African Philosophy as Cultural Inquiry (Bloomington: 2000).
• F. Ochieng'-Odhiambo, Trends and Issues in African Philosophy (New York: 2010).
• O. Ogunnaike, “African Philosophy Reconsidered: Africa, Religion, Race, and Philosophy,” Journal of African Religions 5 (2017), 181-216.
• H.O. Oruka, Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy (Leiden: 1990).
• T. Serequeberhan (ed.), African Philosophy: The Essential Readings (New York: 1991).
• T. Serequeberhan, The Hermeneutics of African Philosophy: Horizon and Discourse (London: 1994).
• C. Sumner, Classical Ethiopian Philosophy (Los Angeles: 1994).
• R.F. Thompson, Flash of the Spirit: African and Afro-American Art and Philosophy (New York: 1983).
• K. Wiredu, Philosophy and an African Culture (Cambridge: 1980).
• K. Wiredu, Cultural Universals and Particulars: An African Perspective (Bloomington: 1997).
• K. Wiredu (ed.) A Companion to African Philosophy (Malden: 2004).
• K. Wiredu and K. Gyekye, Person and Community: Ghanaian Philosophical Studies I (Washington DC: 1992).
• R.A. Wright (ed.), African Philosophy. An Introduction (Washington: 1977).
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1. Something Old, Something New: Introducing Africana Philosophy
2. It’s Only Human: Philosophy in Prehistoric Africa
3. Fertile Ground: Philosophy in Ancient Mesopotamia
4. Pyramid Schemes: Philosophy in Ancient Egypt
5. Father Knows Best: Moral and Political Philosophy in the Instructions
6. Heated Exchanges: Philosophy in Egyptian Narratives and Dialogues
7. Richard Parkinson on Egyptian Poetry
8. Solomon, Socrates, and Other Sages: Early Ethiopian Philosophy
9. In You I Take Shelter: Zera Yacob
10. Think for Yourself: Walda Heywat
11. Teodros Kiros on Ethiopian Philosophy
12. From Here to Timbuktu: Subsaharan Islamic Philosophy
13. Renewing the Faith: the Sokoto Caliphate
14. Souleymane Bachir Diagne on Islam in Africa
15. Heard it Through the Grapevine: Oral Philosophy in Africa
16. Samuel Imbo on Okot p'Bitek and Oral Traditions
17. Event Horizon: African Philosophy of Time
18. One to Rule Them All: God in African Philosophy
19. Behind the Mask: African Philosophy of the Person
20. I Am Because We Are: Communalism in African Ethics and Politics
21. The Doctor Will See You Now: Divination, Witchcraft, and Knowledge
22. Women Have No Tribe: Gender in African Tradition
23. Nkiru Nzegwu on Gender in African Tradition
24. Professionally Speaking: The Reaction Against Ethnophilosophy
25. Wise Guys: Sage Philosophy
26. Kai Kresse on the Anthropology of Philosophy
27. Beyond the Reaction: The Continuing Relevance of Precolonial Traditions
28. Chike Jeffers on Precolonial African Philosophy
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Slavery and the Creation of Diasporic Africana Philosophy
Slavery and the Creation of Diasporic Africana Philosophy
In this second series of episodes on Africana philosophy, we expand our focus beyond the African continent to begin discussing philosophical thought in the African diaspora. In the wake of the transatlantic slave trade and chattel slavery in the European colonies of the Americas, along with early forms of European colonial activity in Africa, new forms of philosophical thought arose among African peoples and those descended from African peoples. Modern Africana philosophy, in comparison with the precolonial traditions of philosophy we explored in the first part of the series, takes place primarily in European languages and is shaped in many ways by European traditions of philosophy. It is distinct from these European traditions, however, in being concerned above all with questions generated by the traumatic experiences of slavery and European domination. How should these experiences be understood and what do they tell us about the nature of humanity, race, and justice? How should black people respond to forces of oppression?
Our focus in this part of the series will be on thinkers wrestling with these and other sorts of philosophical questions in the 18th and 19th centuries. We will discuss well-known figures such as Toussaint Louverture, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth, and many who are not as well-known as they should be, such as Anton Wilhelm Amo, Maria W. Stewart, and Anténor Firmin.
Further Reading
• D.D. Bruce, Jr., The Origins of African American Literature, 1680-1865 (Charlottesville: 2001).
• V. Carretta (ed.), Unchained Voices: An Anthology of Black Authors in the English-Speaking World of the Eighteenth Century (Lexington KY: 1996).
• S.R. Cudjoe, Beyond Boundaries: The Intellectual Tradition of Trinidad and Tobago in the Nineteenth Century (Wellesley: 2003).
• O.R. Dathorne, The Black Mind: A History of African Literature (Minneapolis: 1974).
• D.B. Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823 (Ithaca: 1975).
• M.A. Gomez, Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South (Chapel Hill: 1998).
• J. Hooker, Theorizing Race in the Americas: Douglass, Sarmiento, Du Bois, and Vasconcelos (New York: 2017).
• J. Jorati, Slavery and Race: Philosophical Debates in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford: 2023).
• R. July, The Origins of Modern African Thought: Its Development in West Africa During the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (New York: 1967).
• G.K. Lewis, Main Currents in Caribbean Thought: The Historical Evolution of Caribbean Society in Its Ideological Aspects, 1492-1900 (Baltimore: 1983).
• W. Moses, The Golden Age of Black Nationalism (Hamden, CT: 1978).
• S. Stuckey, Slave Culture: Nationalist Theory and the Foundations of Black America (New York: 1987).
• E. Sundquist, To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature (Cambridge, MA: 1993).
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29. Out of Africa: Slavery and the Diaspora
30. Dualist Personality: Anton Wilhelm Amo
31. Justin Smith on Amo and Race in Early Modern Philosophy
32. Talking Book: Early Africana Writing in English
33. Young, Gifted, and Black: Phillis Wheatley
34. New England Patriot: Lemuel Haynes
35. Letters from the Heart: Ignatius Sancho and Benjamin Banneker
36. Sons of Africa: Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano
37. Liberty, Equality, Humanity: The Haitian Revolution
38. My Haitian Pen: Baron de Vastey
39. Doris Garraway on the Haitian Revolution
40. American Africans: Early Black Institutions in the US
41. Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Colonization Controversy
42. James Sidbury on African Identity
43. Kill or Be Killed: David Walker’s Appeal
44. Religion and Pure Principles: Maria W. Stewart
45. Unnatural Causes: Hosea Easton’s Treatise
46. Melvin Rogers on Early 19th Century Political Thought
47. Written by Himself: the Life of Frederick Douglass
48. Happy Holidays: Two Speeches by Frederick Douglass
49. Let Your Motto Be Resistance: Henry Highland Garnet
50. Nation Within a Nation: Martin Delany
51. I Read Men and Nations: Sojourner Truth and Frances Harper
52. Great White North: Emigration to Canada
53. Pilgrim’s Progress: Alexander Crummell
54. Wilson Moses on the Roots of Black Nationalism
55. Planting the Seeds: James Africanus Beale Horton
56. African Personality: Edward Blyden
57. Race First, Then Party: T. Thomas Fortune
58. A Common Circle: Anténor Firmin
59. Frowning at Froudacious Fabrications: J.J. Thomas and F.A. Durham
60. Though Late, It Is Liberty: Abolitionism in Brazil
61. When and Where I Enter: Anna Julia Cooper
62. American Barbarism: Ida B. Wells
63. Brittney Cooper on Black Women Activists
64. God is a Negro: Henry McNeal Turner
65. Separate Fingers, One Hand: Booker T. Washington
66. Lifting the Veil: Introducing W.E.B. Du Bois
67. Chike Jeffers on Slavery and Diasporic Philosophy
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Africana Philosophy in the Twentieth Century
Africana Philosophy in the Twentieth Century
The third and final series in our coverage of Africana Philosophy takes us to the relatively recent past. We begin around the turn of the century with the contribution of African-American intellectuals and activists, including such luminaries as W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey, and cover movements such as African-American socialism and the famous "Harlem Renaissance," here touching on the work of key figures like Alain Locke and Zora Neale Hurston. We will continue to examine African-American philosophy as the series proceeds, taking the story all the way up to later thinkers like Martin Luther King Jr, and Malcolm X, rounding things off with the ideas of academic philosophers like Cornel West. But the series will not restrict itself to developments in the United States. A number of the thinkers covered will hail from the Caribbean, including the major Africana philosopher Frantz Fanon, and we will of course devote ample coverage to intellectuals in Africa itself. These will include politician-philosophers like Amílcar Cabral, Kwame Nkrumah, and Nelson Mandela. As always on the podcast, we will cast a wide net, and consider the philosophical relevance of figures more often thought of as literary figures, like Ralph Ellison, James Baldwin, and Toni Morrison, and even musicians like Bob Marley. We will be joined be a number of expert interview guests to provide further depth and detail; look out for episodes featuring Liam Kofi Bright, Tommy Curry, Michael Dawson, Vanessa Wills, and many more!
Further Reading
• A.B. Bogues, Black Heretics, Black Prophets: Radical Political Intellectuals (New York: 2003).
• L.R. Gordon, An Introduction to Africana Philosophy (New York: 2008).
• B. Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought (New York: 1995).
• L. Harris, Philosophy Born of Struggle: Anthology of Afro-American Philosophy from 1917 (Dubuque: 1983).
• P. Henry, Caliban's Reason: Introducing Afro-Caribbean Philosophy (New York: 2000).
• F.L. Hord (Mzee Lasana Okpara) and J.S. Lee (eds), I Am Because We Are: Readings in Africana Philosophy, revised ed. (Amherst: 2016).
• P.E. Joseph, Waiting 'til the Midnight Hour: A Narrative History of Black Power in America (New York: 2006).
• R. July, The Origins of Modern African Thought: Its Development in West Africa During the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (New York: 1967).
• D.L. Lewis, When Harlem Was in Vogue (New York: 1981).
• T.L. Lott and J.P. Pittman (eds), A Companion to African-American Philosophy (Malden: 2003).
• J.H. McClendon III and S.C. Ferguson II, African American Philosophers and Philosophy: An Introduction to the History, Concepts, and Contemporary Issues (New York: 2019).
• J. McDade (ed.), The Philosophical Forum: Special Issue: Philosophy and Black Experience 9 (Winter-Spring 1977-1978).
• J.A. Montmarquet and W.H. Hardy (eds), Reflections: An Anthology of African American Philosophy (Belmont: 2000).
• L.T. Outlaw, Jr., On Race and Philosophy (New York: 1996).
• J.P. Pittman (ed.), African-American Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions (New York: 1996).
• R. Rabaka, Africana Critical Theory: Reconstructing the Black Radical Tradition, from W.E.B. Du Bois and C.L.R. James to Frantz Fanon and Amilcar Cabral (Lanham: 2009).
• C.J. Robinson, Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition (London: 1983).
• T. Serequeberhan, Our Heritage: The Past in the Present of African-American and African Existence (Lanham: 2000).
• T. Shelby, We Who Are Dark: the Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity (Cambridge MA: 2005)
• N.P. Singh, Black is a Country: Race and the Unfinished Struggle for Democracy (Cambridge, MA: 2005).
• P. Von Eschen, Race Against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957 (Ithaca: 1997).
• G. Yancy (ed.), African-American Philosophers: 17 Conversations (New York: 1998).
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68. The Problem of the Color Line: Introducing the Twentieth Century
69. The Best We Have: The American Negro Academy
70. Tommy Curry on the Early 20th Century
71. In Blyden’s Wake: West African Intellectuals of the Early Twentieth Century
72. In A Class of Their Own: Early African American Socialism
73. Vanessa Wills on Africana Marxism
75. Now I Have a Rival: the Two Amy Garveys
76. Michael Dawson on Garvey and Black Nationalism
77. A Race Capital: the Harlem Renaissance
78. Freedom Through Art: Alain Locke
79. Leonard Harris on Alain Locke
80. Scholarly Contributions: African American Professional Philosophers
81. Making History: Carter G. Woodson
82. The Florida Project: Zora Neale Hurston
83. Songs of the People: Paul Robeson and the Negro Spiritual
84. Live Long and Protest: W.E.B. Du Bois, 1920-1963
85. Liam Kofi Bright on Du Bois' Philosophy of Science
86. French Connection: The Negritude Movement
87. Call It Intuition: Leopold Senghor
88. The Surreal Deal: Aimé and Suzanne Césaire
89. Separate but Unequal: E. Franklin Frazier
90. Move Fast and Break Things: C.L.R. James
91. Massa Day Done: Oliver Cox and Eric Williams
92. Half the World: Claudia Jones
93. Carole Boyce Davies on Claudia Jones
94. How Did You Happen? Richard Wright
95. Black and Blue: Ralph Ellison
96. A Lover’s War: James Baldwin
97. American Dream: Martin Luther King Jr.
98. Meena Krishnamurthy on Martin Luther King Jr
99. American Nightmare: Malcolm X
100. Chike Jeffers on the First Half of the Twentieth Century
101. Crossing Paths: the Last Years of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr
102. From Cuba with Love: Juan Rene Betancourt
103. A Federal Case: Nnamdi Azikiwe and Obafemi Awolowo
104. In Unity Lies Strength: Kwame Nkrumah
105. Meeting the Gaze: Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin White Masks
106. Combat Literature: Franz Fanon’s Wretched of the Earth
107. Lewis Gordon on Frantz Fanon
108. Or Does It Explode? Lorraine Hansberry
110. Politics with Bloodshed: the Black Panthers
111. A Kwanzaa Story: Maulana Karenga
112. Poems That Kill: the Black Arts Movement
113. A Fighting God: Black Theology
114. Teacher Taught Me: Julius Nyerere
115. Weapon of Choice: Amílcar Cabral
116. Olúfẹ́mi Táíwò and Olúfẹ́mi Táíwò on Cabral
117. Spear of the Nation: Nelson Mandela and the ANC
118. African Survivals: Abdias do Nascimento
119. The Space Race: Afrofuturism
120. Redemption Songs: Reggae and Rastafari
121. No Agreement: Fela Kuti and Wole Soyinka
122. A More Human Face: Steve Biko
123. History Teaches Us: Walter Rodney
124. Double Jeopardy: Black Feminism
125. Phenomenal Woman: The Black Women’s Literary Renaissance
126. Fugitive for Justice: Angela Davis
127. Knowing the Difference: Audre Lorde
128. Marginal Comments: bell hooks and Patricia Hill Collins
129. Afrophone Home: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
130. Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o on... Himself!
131. Mixed Messages: Black British Cultural Studies
132. French Creolizing: Edouard Glissant and the Créolité Movement
133. John Drabinski on Edouard Glissant
134. The Marx Brothers: Cedric J. Robinson
135. Mastering Ceremonies: Sylvia Wynter
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