Victims or Vectors References

Primary Sources:

El Demócrata Fronterizo. “A los Mexicanos y México-texanos.” May 28, 1910.

Fort Worth Star-Telegram. “AMERICANS FLEE FROM BORDER CITY.” August 23, 1915.

The Cameron Herald. “AMERICAN’S IN THREE COUNTIES UNDER ARMS.” August 12, 1915.

La Prensa. “CARRANZA AYUDARA AL GOB. AMERICANO A COMBATIR A LOS MEXICO-TEXANOS.” October 23, 1915.

Congreso Revolucionario de San Diego, Texas. “Manifesto: ¡A Los Pueblos Oprimidos De América!,” February 20, 1915. RG 59, M274. Records of the Department of State relating to internal affairs of Mexico, 1910-29.

Convention of 1836. “The Constitution of the Republic of Texas.” In Documents of Texas History, edited by Ernest Wallace, David M. Vigness, and George B. Ward, 100–106. Austin, Texas: Texas Historical Association, 2002.

Cortina, Juan Nepomuceno. “‘Proclama’ Del Ciudadano Nepomuceno Cortinas. J. Nepomuceno Cortinas á Los Habitantes Del Estado de Texas y Con Especialidad á Los de La Ciudad de Brownsville ...,” September 30, 1859. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/12240165.

Crónica. “El Congreso Mexicanista Triunfa, Se Discute Nuestro Proyecto,” April 13, 1911.

American Flag. “Extra! - Guerrilla Attack upon Brownsville!” October 1, 1859. https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth78143/.

Garza, Catarino E. Memorias de Catarino E. Garza: la lógica de los hechos, o sea, observaciones sobre las circunstancias de los mexicanos en Texas desde 1877 hasta 1889: Corpus Christi, Texas. Vol. 1. Colección Centenarios 3. Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas: Gobierno del Estado de Tamaulipas, Comisión Organizadora para la Conmemoración en Tamaulipas del Bicentenario de la Independencia y Centenario de Revolución  , 2009.

The San Antonio Ledger. “HABEAS CORPUS CASE.” October 10, 1857.

House of Representatives Executive Document No. 52, 36th Congress, 1st Session (1860). “Difficulties on Southwestern Frontier. Message from the President of the United States, Communicating, in Compliance with a Resolution of the House, Information in Reference to the Difficulties on the Southwestern Frontier.” University of Oklahoma College of Law, April 2, 1860. https://shareok.org/handle/11244/36094.

Journals to the Convention. “Constitution of the State of Texas.” Miner & Cruger, Printers to the Convention, 1845. https://tarltonapps.law.utexas.edu/imgs/constitutions/documents/texas1845/texas1845.pdf

La Prensa. “LAS AUTORIDADES MILITARES CREEN QUE HAN TERMINADO LA REVUELTA EN TEXAS.” October 9, 1915.

Magón, Ricardo Flores. “LOS LEVANTAMIENTOS EN TEXAS.” Regeneración. October 2, 1915. 4a época 1910-1918. Archivo Digital de Ricardo Flores Magón.

———. “LOS LEVANTAMIENTOS EN TEXAS.” Regeneración. October 30, 1915. 4a época 1910-1918. Archivo Digital de Ricardo Flores Magón.

Revolutionary Congress of San Diego. “Manifesto Drafts for Negro Recruits,” 1915. Agustin Solis de la Garza Collection. Margaret H. McAllen Memorial Archives, Museum of South Texas History, Edinburg, TX. Acquired with support from the Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation, The Summerlee Foundation, and Helen Groves.

The Austin American. “MEXICANS OF SOUTH TEXAS PETITION FOR JUSTICE UNDER LAW.” June 5, 1916.

El Paso Times. “Miscegenationists Raided.” October 7, 1893.

Crónica. “Nuestro parecer es que el Gobierno Mexicano...,” May 14, 1910.

Olmsted, Frederick Law. A Journey Through Texas, or, a Saddle-Trip on the Southwest Frontier; with a Statistical Appendix. New York, New York: Dix, Edwards & Co., 1857.

Crónica. “Peonaje En Texas,” February 23, 1911.

Paredes, Américo. A Texas-Mexican Cancionero: Folksongs of the Lower Border. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1995.

Provisional Directorate of the Plan of San Diego, Texas. “The Plan de San Diego.” In The Plan de San Diego: Tejano Rebellion, Mexican Intrigue, by Louis R. Sadler and Charles H. Harris, 1–5. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2013.

Rosa, Luis de la, and Aniceto Pizaña. “A Nuestros Compatriotas Los Mexicanos en Texas.” In Rebellion in the Borderlands: Anarchism and the Plan of San Diego, 1904-1923, 95. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, Oklahoma, 1915.

The Standard. “RUNAWAYS TO MEXICO.” October 21, 1854.

Seguín, Juan Nepomuceno. “Personal Memoirs of John N. Seguin.” In A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguín, edited by Jesús F. de la Teja, 71–102. Austin, Texas: State House Press, 1991.

Waco Morning News. “TEACH THE GREASERS A LESSON.” August 13, 1915.

Tenayuca, Emma, and Homer Brooks. “The Mexican Question in the Southwest.” The Communist 18, no. 3 (March 1939): 257–68.

The Galveston Daily News. “THE EL PASO MASSACRE.” December 26, 1877.

“Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo [Exchange Copy],” February 2, 1848. General Records of the United States Government, 1778-1992; Perfected Treaties, 1778-1945; Record Group 11. National Archives. https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=26&page=transcript.

The Austin American. “TWO U.S. REGIMENTS CALLED OUT TO QUELL MEXICANS AT EL PASO.” August 26, 1915.

United States Congress. An act to establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization (1790). https://immigrationhistory.org/item/1790-nationality-act/.

Clarín del Norte. “¡Viva la igualdad democrática!,” August 18, 1906.

Secondary Sources:

Alonso, Ana María. Thread of Blood: Colonialism, Revolution, and Gender on Mexico’s Northern Frontier. Hegemony and Experience: Critical Studies in Anthropology and History. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 1995.

Anderson, Gary Clayton. The Conquest of Texas: Ethnic Cleansing in the Promised Land, 1820-1875. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019.

Carrigan, William D., and Clive Webb. Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Carroll, Mark M. Homesteads Ungovernable: Families, Sex, Race, and the Law in Frontier Texas, 1823-1860. 2nd ed. Jack and Doris Smothers Series in Texas History, Life, and Culture 3. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2005.

Chacón, Justin Akers. Radicals in the Barrio: Magonistas, Socialists, Wobblies, and Communists in the Mexican American Working Class. Chicago, Illinois: Haymarket Books, 2018.

Cole, Stephanie, and Alison M. Parker, eds. Beyond Black and White: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the U.S. South and Southwest. Walter Prescott Webb Memorial Lectures 35. Arlington, Texas: University of Texas, 2004.

Cornell, Sarah E. “Citizens of Nowhere: Fugitive Slaves and Free African Americans in Mexico, 1833-1857.” The Journal of American History 100, no. 2 (2013): 351–74.

Crouch, Barry A. The Dance of Freedom: Texas African Americans During Reconstruction. Edited by Larry Madaras. Jack and Doris Smothers Series in Texas History, Life, and Culture 19. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2007.

Cumberland, Charles C. “Border Raids in the Lower Rio Grande Valley-1915.” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 57, no. 3 (1954): 285–311.

Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Translated by Richard Philcox. New York, New York: Grove Press, 2004.

Foley, Neil. “Mexicans, Mechanization, and the Growth of Corporate Cotton Culture in South Texas: The Taft Ranch, 1900-1930.” The Journal of Southern History 62, no. 2 (May 1996): 275–302.

———. The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture. 1st ed. Berkeley, CA; Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1997.

Gómez-Quiñones, Juan. “Plan de San Diego Reviewed.” Aztlan 1, no. 1 (1970): 124–32.

Gramsci, Antonio. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Edited and translated by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith. 11th ed. New York, New York: International Publishers, 1992.

Hager, William H. “The Plan of San Diego Unrest on the Texas Border in 1915.” Arizona and the West 5, no. 4 (1963): 327–36.

Hernández, Kelly Lytle. Bad Mexicans: Race, Empire, and Revolution in the Borderlands. 1st ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2022.

Hernández, Sonia, and John Morán González, eds. Reverberations of Racial Violence: Critical Reflections on the History of the Border. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2021.

Hernández, Tanya Katerí. Racial Innocence: Unmasking Latino Anti-Black Bias and the Struggle for Equality. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press, 2022.

Horne, Gerald. Black and Brown: African Americans and the Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920. American History and Culture. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2005.

Jacoby, Karl. The Strange Career of William Ellis: The Texas Slave Who Became a Mexican Millionaire. 1st ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2016.

Johnson, Benjamin Heber. Revolution in Texas: How a Forgotten Rebellion and Its Bloody Suppression Turned Mexicans into Americans. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2003.

Joseph, Gilbert M., and Jürgen Buchenau. Mexico’s Once and Future Revolution: Social Upheaval and the Challenges of Rule since the Late Nineteenth Century. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2013.

Lahti, Janne. Wars for Empire: Apaches, the United States, and the Southwest Borderlands. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2017.

Leiker, James N. Racial Borders: Black Soldiers along the Rio Grande. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University, 2002.

de León, Arnoldo. They Called Them Greasers: Anglo Attitudes toward Mexicans in Texas, 1821–1900. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1983.

Márquez, Cecilia. “Juan Crow and the Erasure of Blackness in the Latina/o South.” Labor 16, no. 3 (2019): 79–85.

Martinez, Monica Muñoz. The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas. 1st ed. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2018.

Menchaca, Martha. “Chicano Indianism: A Historical Account of Racial Repression in the United States.” American Ethnologist 20, no. 3 (1993): 583–603.

———. Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans. The Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long Series in Latin American and Latino Art and Culture. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2001.

———. The Mexican American Experience in Texas: Citizenship, Segregation, and the Struggle for Equality. The Texas Bookshelf. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2022.

Molina, Natalia. How Race Is Made in America: Immigration, Citizenship, and the Historical Power of Racial Scripts. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 2014.

Montejano, David. Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836-1986. 11th ed. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2006.

Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. Racial Formation in the United States. 3rd ed. New York, New York: Routledge, 2015.

Orozco, Cynthia E. No Mexicans, Women, or Dogs Allowed: The Rise of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. 1st ed. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2009.

Richmond, Douglas W. “Africa’s Initial Encounter with Texas: The Significance of Afro-Tejanos in Colonial Tejas, 1528-1821.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 26, no. 2 (2007): 200–221.

Sadler, Louis R., and Charles H. Harris. The Plan de San Diego: Tejano Rebellion, Mexican Intrigue. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2013.

Sandos, James A. Rebellion in the Borderlands: Anarchism and the Plan of San Diego, 1904-1923. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2022.

Barrett, S. M., and Geronimo. Geronimo’s Story of His Life. New York, New York: Duffield & Company, 1906.

Sue, Christina A. Land of the Cosmic Race: Race Mixture, Racism, and Blackness in Mexico. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Taylor, Quintard. In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West, 1528-1990. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.

Thompson, Jerry. Cortina: Defending the Mexican Name in Texas. 2nd ed. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University, 2013.

Tirres, Allison. “Law, Race, and the Border: The El Paso Salt War of 1877.” Harvard Law Review 117, no. 3 (2004): 941–63.

Valerio-Jiménez, Omar S. River of Hope: Forging Identity and Nation in the Rio Grande Borderlands. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2013.

White, Richard. The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896. The Oxford History of the United States. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Young, Elliott. Catarino Garza’s Revolution on the Texas-Mexico Border. American Encounters/Global Interactions. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2004.

Zamora, Emilio. The World of the Mexican Worker in Texas. 2nd ed. The Centennial Series of the Association of Former Students 44. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University, 1995.

Zamora, Emilio, Cynthia E. Orozco, and Rodolfo Rocha, eds. Mexican Americans in Texas History: Selected Essays. Austin, Texas: Texas State Historical Association, 2000.