How does dry cleaning work if it is dry?

Dry cleaning is termed “dry” because it does not use water in the way traditional laundering does. Instead, garments are cleaned with liquid solvents, most commonly perchloroethylene (known as “perc”) or newer, more environmentally friendly alternatives. These solvents are highly effective at dissolving oils, grease, and other stains that water and regular detergents often cannot remove.

The process begins with an inspection of the clothing for stains, damage, or delicate areas. Garments are then placed in a specialised dry-cleaning machine that resembles a large washing machine. The solvent is circulated through the clothes, loosening dirt and oils without causing the fabric to swell or shrink, as water might. After cleaning, the solvent is extracted, filtered, and often reused, making the process efficient. Clothes then go through a drying cycle within the same machine, followed by pressing or steaming to restore their crisp finish.

Because no water is used, dry cleaning is particularly suited to fabrics such as wool, silk, or structured garments like suits, which could be misshapen or damaged in a conventional wash. In short, “dry” does not mean the clothes are cleaned without liquid – it means they are cleaned without water.