References

For more information please visit the links below:

The Buffalo Bills Foundation website contains information on the donations that they have collected to help fight food insecurity in Buffalo, NY. It also talks about the other non-profits they partnered with to help address child hunger, increase access to nutritious food for families, and support healthy eating in the Western New York region. For more information, please visit:

Allen, A. (2024). Buffalo Bills 2024 Fan Food Drive and Huddle for Hunger High School Challenge,. Buffalobills.com. Retrieved November 13, 2024, from https://www.buffalobills.com/news/bills-foundation-has-donated-2-million-since-2023-to-address-food-insecurity-huddle-for-hunger.

Feed More WNY's website contains helpful information for individuals in need of food resources or individuals who want to help volunteer. They have information on meal services and deliveries, food pantry locators, nutritional assistance, nutrition education and much more. For more information, please visit:

Farm Market - FeedMore WNY. (2021). Feedmorewny.org. Retrieved November 13, 2024, from https://www.feedmorewny.org/programs-services/farm-market/.  

A press release from June 6, 2022 highlights U.S. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand’s efforts to address food insecurity in Buffalo’s East side. Gillibrans advocates for increased funding for programs like the Healthy Food financing Initiative and FEMA’s Emergency Food and Shelter Program to improve food access and infrastructure. Community leaders, including FeedMore WNY, emphasize the need for immediate relief and long-term strategies to tackle systemic causes of food insecurity, which disproportionately affect low-income and Black communities. For the full press release, please visit:

Gillibrand pushes for action to address food insecurity in underserved east side neighborhood - Kirsten Gillibrand: U.S. senator for New York. Kirsten Gillibrand | U.S. Senator for New York. (2022, June 6). https://www.gillibrand.senate.gov/news/press/release/gillibrand-pushes-for-action-to-address-food-insecurity-in-underserved-east-side-neighborhood/  

The history of redlining in Buffalo became a way to segregate neighborhoods under the Federal Housing Agency policies. Minority neighborhoods suffered limited access to capital, trapping people in a cycle of poverty. Its effects still lasting and impacting people today. For more information, visit:

A City Divided: A Brief History of Segregation in Buffalo,  https://ppgbuffalo.org/files/documents/data-demographics-history/a_city_divided__a_brief_history_of_segregation_in_the_city_of_buffalo.pdf . Accessed 13 Dec. 2024.

Redlining discrimination has lead to food deserts, which impacts peoples health due to food insecurities and limited food access. These food disparities lead to poor dietary habits such as consumption of fast foods, which results in all sorts of health problems. For more information, visit:

“Food Deserts: Definition, Effects, and Solutions.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International,  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-are-food-deserts#:~:text=Without%20access%20to%20healthful%20foods,%2C%20and%20micro-nutrient%20deficiencies. Accessed 12 Dec. 2024.

To learn more about the discriminatory practice of redlining where minority populated neighborhoods were denied of government services like loans and mortgages in the 1930's, visit:

“Redlining.” Legal Information Institute, Legal Information Institute, https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/redlining#:~:text=Redlining%20can%20be%20defined%20as,on%20their%20race%20or%20ethn. Accessed 12 Dec. 2024.

The World Health Organization (WHO) provides a more in depth definition of what Health equity is and the data behind it. Their website also houses up to date information on social determinants of health and overall human rights. For more information, please visit:

World Health Organization. (2024). Health equity. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/health-equity#tab=tab_1 

The Buffalo Center for Health Equity is one of the main community organizations focused on improving healthy equity in Buffalo, NY through policy analysis, research, advocacy, community engagement, and program development. To achieve their goals, they also partner with other community organizations, government officials, academia, faith-based leadership. For more information, please visit:

Buffalo Center for Health Equity. Overview(2024). https://buffalohealthequity.com/about/overview/ 

The Community Health Equity Research Institute is a University at Buffalo based organization that builds on the work of the African American Health Equity Task Force formed in 2014. Their goal is "to perform research to advance understanding of the root causes and develop and test innovative solutions to eliminate health inequities in the region" through through community-based participatory research (CBPR). For more information, please visit:

Community Health Equity Research Institute. Community Health Equity Research Institute - University at Buffalo. (2022, October 16). https://www.buffalo.edu/community-health-equity-institute.html 

The 2022 Buffalo Tops Market mass shooting deeply impacted the lives of Buffalo residents, especially those residing in the East Side of Buffalo. Because of Redlining in Buffalo, this Tops was the only grocery store on the East Side of Buffalo. This massacre was motivated by "Anti-Black racism" and subsequently closed the only grocery store on the East Side of Buffalo, leaving the residents without access to fresh produce for months after. 

“2022 Buffalo Shooting.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Dec. 2024, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting#Local. 

The following news articles are Buffalo residents' stories of how redlining, food insecurity, and gun violence have affected their lives. These factors lead to health inequalities in Buffalo, as African Americans and minority populations are more subject to these factors based on where they live and their socioeconomic status. 

A Legacy of Racism: How Past Practices Affect Segregation in Buffalo Today | News 4 Buffalo, www.wivb.com/news/a-legacy-of-racism-how-past-practices-affect-segregation-in-buffalo-today/. Accessed 13 Dec. 2024. 

“Black Leaders on Buffalo’s East Side Are Building Markets to Address Food Insecurity.” NBCNews.Com, NBCUniversal News Group, 1 Dec. 2022, www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/black-leaders-buffalos-east-side-are-building-markets-address-food-ins-rcna59230. 

Person. “Tributes Honors 10 Victims Year after Buffalo Supermarket Shooting.” ABC7 New York, 15 May 2023, abc7ny.com/buffalo-shooting-supermarket-tops/13246064/.