Soil erosion is a major issue on a global and local scale. Because of urbanization, the rate of soil erosion is increasing at a quicker rate. Urbanization involves the extension of urban related areas as well as the change of natural physical landscapes to more economic land uses. Due to urbanization, water holding capacity of the soil reduces and runoff rate rises which leads to soil erosion.
On the other hand, in terms of industrial pollution, industrialization has resulted in environmental damage. Highly polluting sectors such as thermal power plants, coal mines, cement, sponge iron, steel & ferroalloys, petroleum, and chemicals generate dust, smoke, fumes, and poisonous gas emissions. Human activities such as excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, sewage irrigation, and trash discharge have all had a substantial impact on the soil environment as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Heavy metals pollute the soil as a result of this. When it comes to industrialization, there are four key effect points: air, water, soil, and habitat. Although lead pollution is the most common, other heavy metals and harmful compounds can also leak into the soil and contaminate any crops that grow there. Thus, the amount of nutrients supplied to plants reduces over time, industrialized agriculture can result in a deterioration in soil quality. This can result in erosion, which occurs when soil components are blown or washed from one site to another.
